Ishan Das & Ors. Vs the State Govt. of NCT of Delhi and Anr. — Dowry and Cruelty | Delhi HC (2025)

Ishan Das & Ors. Vs the State Govt. of NCT of Delhi and Anr. — Dowry and Cruelty | Delhi HC (2025)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

FIR No. 571/2021 and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom quashed; pending application (CRL.M.A. 32874/2025) disposed of.

Issue for consideration

Whether FIR No. 571/2021 dated 17.11.2021 registered at Police Station Jagat Puri under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC, and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom, should be quashed on the ground that the parties have amicably settled their disputes.

Ratio / Principle

It is well settled that the High Court, exercising its powers under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (erstwhile Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973), can quash offences which are non-compoundable on the ground that there is a compromise between the accused and the complainant.

Key takeaways

Offence under Section 406 of the IPC is compoundable whereas offence under Section 498A of the IPC is non-compoundable.ratio¶8
Keeping in view the nature of the (matrimonial) dispute and that the parties have amicably resolved their disputes, no useful purpose would be served by keeping the dispute alive; continuance of the proceedings would amount to abuse of the process of Court, making it a fit case to exercise discretionary jurisdiction under Section 528 of the BNSS.ratio¶11

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Quashing of FIR — matrimonial dispute — Sections 498A/406/34 IPC — settlement between parties: The Delhi High Court allowed CRL.M.C. 7850/2025 and quashed FIR No. 571/2021 dated 17.11.2021 (PS Jagat Puri) and all consequential proceedings, holding that although the offence under Section 498A IPC is non-compoundable (Section 406 IPC being compoundable), the High Court can quash non-compoundable offences in exercise of its power under Section 528 BNSS (erstwhile Section 482 CrPC) where the accused and complainant have genuinely settled. Relying on the parameters in Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (2014) 6 SCC 466 and Parbatbhai Aahir v. State of Gujarat, (2017) 9 SCC 641, and noting that matrimonial/family disputes of predominantly civil character should be quashed when fully resolved, the Court found the MoU dated 30.01.2025 (full settlement of Rs. 6,00,000 paid, divorce by mutual consent obtained, complainant stating she did not wish to pursue the case) sufficient to conclude that continuance would be an abuse of process.

$~58

* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

CRL.M.C. 7850/2025 & CRL.M.A. 32874/2025 ISHAN DAS & ORS. .....Petitioners Through: Mr. Mukul Girdhar, Advocate along with Petitioner no.1 in person. Petitioners No.2 and 3 in person (through VC).

versus

THE STATE GOVT. OF NCT OF DELHI AND ANR. .....Respondents Through: Mr. Sunil Kumar Gautam, APP for the State with SI Komal, PS M.S. Park and ASI Kanwal Kaur, PS Jagatpuri. Mr. Ramakant Kashyap and Ms. Anjali Nehra, Advocates for R-2 along with R-2 in person.

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE AMIT MAHAJAN O R D E R % 07.11.2025

The present petition is filed seeking quashing of FIR No. 571/2021 dated 17.11.2021, registered at Police Station Jagat Puri, for offences under Sections 498A/406/34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (‘ IPC ’), including all consequential proceedings arising therefrom.

It is averred that the marriage between Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No. 2 was solemnized on 14.02.2021 as per Hindu rites, customs and ceremonies. No child was born out of the said wedlock. Thereafter, due to matrimonial discord, some

CRL.M.C. 7850/2025 Page 1 of 6

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misunderstandings took place between the parties, due to which Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No. 2 started living separately. The other petitioners are the parents of Petitioner No.1.

Subsequently, Respondent No.2 made a complaint against the petitioners alleging that she was subjected to cruelty by them, which later culminated into the aforementioned FIR. Chargesheet has been filed in the present case. 4. The present petition is filed on the ground that the matter is amicably settled between the parties by way of Memorandum of Understanding dated 30.01.2025, of their own free will, without any threat, coercion or pressure. Respondent No.2 and the Petitioner No.1 have already obtained a decree of divorce by mutual consent and they intend to live their future lives peacefully.

In terms of the Settlement dated 30.01.2025, out of the entire settlement amount of ₹6,00,000/-, a sum of ₹4,00,000/already stands paid to Respondent No. 2 and the balance amount of ₹2,00,000/- is handed over to Respondent No. 2 by way of a Demand Draft bearing no. 335210 dated 07.11.2025 drawn on Axis Bank.

Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No. 2 are present in person. Petitioner Nos. 2 and 3 appear through video-conference. The parties have been duly identified by the Investigating Officer.

Respondent No. 2, on being asked, states that she does nto wish not wish to pursue the proceedings arising out of the FIR and she has no objections if the same are quashed.

Offence under Section 406 of the IPC is compoundable whereas offence under Section 498A of the IPC is non- CRL.M.C. 7850/2025 Page 2 of 6

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compoundable.

It is well settled that the High Court while exercising its powers under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (‘ BNSS ’) [ erstwhile Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973] can quash offences which are noncompoundable on the ground that there is a compromise between the accused and the complainant. The Hon’ble Apex Court has laid down parameters and guidelines for High Court while accepting settlement and quashing the proceedings. In the case of Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. : (2014) 6 SCC 466 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court had observed as under :-

“29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings:

29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.

29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure: (i) ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court.

While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.

29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious

Page 3 of 6

CRL.M.C. 7850/2025

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impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.

29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves.

29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.”

(emphasis supplied)

Similarly, in the case of Parbatbhai Aahir & Ors. v. State of Gujarat & Anr. : (2017) 9 SCC 641 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court had observed as under :-

“16. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions:

16.1. Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court.

16.2. The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a first information report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is noncompoundable.

16.3. In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction

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CRL.M.C. 7850/2025

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under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power.

16.4. While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised (i) to secure the ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court.

16.5. The decision as to whether a complaint or first information report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated.

16.6. In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences.

16.7. As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing insofar as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned.

16.8. Criminal cases involving offences which arise from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute.

16.9. In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and

16.10. There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions 16.8. and 16.9. above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well-being of the State have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere

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CRL.M.C. 7850/2025

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dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance.”

(emphasis supplied)

Keeping in view the nature of the dispute and that the parties have amicably resolved their disputes, this Court feels that no useful purpose would be served by keeping the dispute alive and continuance of the proceedings would amount to abuse of the process of Court. I am of the opinion that this is a fit case to exercise discretionary jurisdiction under Section 528 of the BNSS.

In view of the above, FIR No. 571/2021 and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom are quashed.

The present petition is allowed in the aforesaid terms. Pending application also stands disposed of.

AMIT MAHAJAN, J

NOVEMBER 7, 2025 DU

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CRL.M.C. 7850/2025

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 17/11/2025 at 12:34:29