Allowed¶11

Rahul Nagar Ors. v. State of NCT of Delhi and Anr.

Criminal quashing – Matrimonial cruelty

Delhi HC19 Sept 2025CRL.M.C./6179/2025

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Case brief

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What is this about?

Delhi High Court, CRL.M.C. 6179/2025, Sanjeev Narula, J., 19.09.2025 — quashing of FIR under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC on matrimonial settlement; inherent powers under Section 528 BNSS / Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash non-compoundable offences upon compromise; guidelines in Narinder Singh (2014) 6 SCC 466 and Parbatbhai Aahir (2017) 9 SCC 641; abuse of process; FIR No. 0261/2023, P.S. Fatehpur Beri; petition allowed.

What did the court decide?

Quashing of FIR No. 0261/2023 registered under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC at P.S. Fatehpur Beri and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom. ¶11

Rahul Nagar Ors. Vs State of NCT of Delhi and Anr. — Dowry and Cruelty | Delhi HC (2025)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

Quashing of FIR No. 0261/2023 registered under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC at P.S. Fatehpur Beri and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom.

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Issue for consideration

Whether FIR No. 0261/2023 (Sections 498A/406/34 IPC, P.S. Fatehpur Beri) and all proceedings emanating therefrom should be quashed under Section 528 BNSS on the basis of the amicable settlement between the parties, the offence under Section 498A IPC being non-compoundable.

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Court's answer

It is well-established that High Courts, in exercise of their powers under Section 528 BNSS (formerly Section 482 Cr.P.C.), can compound offences which are non-compoundable on the ground that there is a compromise between the accused and the complainant.

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Ratio / Principle

Given the matrimonial nature of the dispute and the amicable settlement, with the parties happily residing together, the case is fit for exercise of jurisdiction under Section 528 BNSS; no purpose would be served by keeping the dispute alive and continuance of the proceedings would amount to abuse of the process of Court.

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Key takeaways

The impugned FIR No. 0261/2023 registered under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC at P.S. Fatehpur Beri and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom are quashed.ratio¶10

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Criminal quashing — Matrimonial cruelty — FIR No. 0261/2023 under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC, P.S. Fatehpur Beri — quashed under Section 528 BNSS (erstwhile Section 482 Cr.P.C.) on the basis of amicable settlement between the parties. Husband (Petitioner No. 1) and complainant-wife (Respondent No. 2) resumed cohabitation; wife, present in Court and identified by the IO, gave no objection supported by affidavit; parties agreed to withdraw all pending proceedings. Accused father-in-law had died and investigation against him stood abated. Relying on the guidelines in Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (2014) 6 SCC 466 and Parbatbhai Aahir v. State of Gujarat, (2017) 9 SCC 641, the Court held that criminal cases arising out of matrimonial/family disputes with predominantly civil character may be quashed on settlement even though the offence under Section 498A IPC is non-compoundable, as continuance would amount to abuse of the process of Court. Petition allowed.

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$~22

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

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- CRL.M.C. 6179/2025

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RAHUL NAGAR ORS .....Petitioners

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Through: Mr. Durgesh Singh, Mr. Saurabh Upathyay, Mr. Amit Upadhyay and Mr. Salil Dixit, Advocates.

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versus

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STATE OF NCT OF DELHI AND ANR .....Respondents Through: Mr. Mukesh Kumar, APP for State along with Insp. Rishikesh Meena, SI Sachin Panwar and ASI Chanderpal, PS Fatehpur Beri. Mr. Uttam Kumar, Advocate for Respondent No. 2.

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CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANJEEV NARULA

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O R D E R % 19.09.2025

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The present petition under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023¹ (erstwhile Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973² ) seeks quashing of FIR No. 0261/2023³ registered under Sections 498A/406/34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860⁴ at P.S. Fatehpur Beri, and all other proceedings emanating therefrom.

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1 “BNSS”

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2 “Cr.P.C.”

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3 “the impugned FIR”

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4 “IPC”

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CRL.M.C. 6179/2025 Page 1 of 6

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 22/09/2025 at 12:02:07

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Petitioner No. 1 is the husband of Respondent No. 2 and Petitioners No. 2 to 4 are her in-laws. The marriage between Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No. 2 was solemnized on 22^nd February, 2011, as per Hindu rites and customs. The parties have two children from the said marriage. Due to matrimonial discord, the relationship between the parties deteriorated and the parties started living separately. Several efforts for reconciliation were made but to no avail.

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Subsequently, Respondent No. 2 made a complaint against the Petitioners, alleging that she was subjected to cruelty by them, which later culminated into the impugned FIR. It is noted that the impugned FIR also contained allegations against one Sarabjeet Singh Nagar, the father-in-law of the complainant. However, he passed away prior to the filing of the present petition, and the investigation against him stood abated.

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The present petition is filed on the ground that the matter is amicably settled between the parties of their own free will, without any coercion, pressure or undue influence and Respondent No. 2 has agreed to move back in the company of Petitioner No. 1. Additionally, the parties have agreed to withdraw all proceedings pending before various Courts. Respondent No. 2 states that she is now happily living with her husband and has no surviving complaints.

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In light of the foregoing, counsel for the parties jointly pray for the quashing of the impugned FIR. Respondent No. 2, who is present before this Court and duly identified by the Investigating Officer, gives no objection to the quashing of the impugned FIR. An affidavit to this effect is also on record.

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The Court has considered the afore-noted facts. Notably, offence

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CRL.M.C. 6179/2025 Page 2 of 6

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This is a digitally signed order. The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 22/09/2025 at 12:02:07

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under Section 498A of IPC is non-compoundable while offence under Section 406 of IPC is compoundable in certain cases.

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It is well-established that the High Courts, in exercise of their powers under Section 528 of BNSS (formerly Section 482 of Cr.P.C.), can compound offences which are non-compoundable on the ground that there is a compromise between the accused and the complainant. In Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. ,⁵ the Supreme Court laid down guidelines for High Courts while accepting settlement deeds between parties and quashing the proceedings. The relevant observations in the said decision read as under:

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“29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings:

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29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.

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29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure:

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(i) ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court.

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While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.

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29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which

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5 (2014) 6 SCC 466

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CRL.M.C. 6179/2025 Page 3 of 6

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 22/09/2025 at 12:02:07

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involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.

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29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves.

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29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.”

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[Emphasis Supplied]

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8 . Similarly, in the case of Parbatbhai Aahir & Ors. v. State of Gujarat

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& Anr. ,⁶ the Supreme Court had observed as under:

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“16. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions:

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16.1. Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court.

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16.2. The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a first information report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is noncompoundable.

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6 (2017) 9 SCC 641

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CRL.M.C. 6179/2025 Page 4 of 6

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 22/09/2025 at 12:02:07

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16.3. In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power.

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16.4. While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised (i) to secure the ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court.

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16.5. The decision as to whether a complaint or first information report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated.

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16.6. In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences.

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16.7. As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing insofar as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned.

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16.8. Criminal cases involving offences which arise from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute.

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16.9. In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and

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16.10. There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions 16.8. and 16.9. above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well-being of the State have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act

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CRL.M.C. 6179/2025 Page 5 of 6

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complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance.”

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[Emphasis Supplied]

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Considering the nature of dispute and the fact that the parties have amicably entered into a settlement and are happily residing together, this Court is of the opinion that the present case is fit to exercise jurisdiction under Section 528 of BNSS as no purpose would be served by keeping the dispute alive and continuance of the proceedings would amount to abuse of the process of Court.

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In view of the above, the impugned FIR No. 0261/2023 registered under Sections 498A/406/34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860⁷ at P.S. Fatehpur Beri and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom are hereby quashed.

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The present petition is allowed in the aforesaid terms.

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SANJEEV NARULA, J

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SEPTEMBER 19, 2025/MK

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7 “IPC”

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CRL.M.C. 6179/2025 Page 6 of 6

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 22/09/2025 at 12:02:07

Rahul Nagar Ors. v. State of NCT of Delhi and Anr.

Case brief

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Rahul Nagar Ors. v. State of NCT of Delhi and Anr.

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