Allowed

Rakesh Raghav and Ors. v. the State NCT of Delhi and Anr.

Delhi HC19 Jan 2024CRL.M.C./439/2024

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

The Delhi High Court quashed an FIR under Sections 498A and 406 IPC registered post-marriage breakup. The court relied on the parties' settled dispute, mutual MoU, and divorce decree, holding that continuing proceedings would be futile and contrary to justice.

What did the court decide?

FIR No. 0001/2020 under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC and all emanating proceedings are quashed.

Rakesh Raghav and Ors. Vs the State NCT of Delhi and Anr. — Dowry and Cruelty | Delhi HC (2024)

¶1

$~39

¶2

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

¶3

- CRL.M.C. 439/2024

¶4

RAKESH RAGHAV AND ORS. ..... Petitioners Through: Mr. Manjit Kumar Tomar, Advocate with Petitioners in person (through video conferencing).

¶5

versus

¶6

THE STATE NCT OF DELHI & ANR. ..... Respondents Through: Mr. Digam Singh Dagar, APP for State with SI Balwant Singh, PS: CWC Nanak Pura. R-2 in person (through video conferencing).

¶7

CORAM:

¶8

HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE JYOTI SINGH

¶9

O R D E R

¶10

% 19.01.2024

¶11

CRL.M.A. 1714/2024 (exemption)

¶12

Allowed, subject to all just exceptions.

¶13

Application stands disposed of.

¶14

CRL.M.C. 439/2024

¶15

This petition has been filed on behalf of the Petitioners under Section 482 Cr.P.C. seeking quashing of FIR No. 0001/2020 dated 12.02.2020 under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC registered at PS: Crime (Women) Cell Nanakpura including proceedings emanating therefrom.

¶16

Marriage between Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No. 2 was solemnized on 26.01.2008 according to Hindu rites and ceremonies at Delhi and two children were born from the said wedlock. On account of disputes and differences arising between Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No. 2, they

¶17

Page 1 of 7

¶18

CRL.M.C. 439/2024

¶19

This is a digitally signed order. The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 16/12/2024 at 14:26:27

¶20

have been living separately since 07.10.2019. Respondent No. 2 made a complaint against the Petitioners in CAW Cell which culminated into the present FIR. A complaint was also filed by Respondent No.2 under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (‘DV Act’) before learned Metropolitan Magistrate, Mahila Court, Karkardooma Courts, Delhi.

¶21

During the pendency of the criminal proceedings, parties have amicably resolved their disputes and differences and a Memorandum of Understanding (‘MoU’) dated 25.09.2021 was executed between Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No. 2, copy of which has been annexed to the petition. As per the settlement, custody of the children will continue to remain with Petitioner No. 1 with visitation rights to Respondent No. 2. There are no monetary terms of settlement in the MoU. Pursuant to the settlement, marriage between Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No. 2 has been dissolved by mutual consent by a Decree of Divorce dated 30.04.2022, copy of which has been annexed with the petition. Complaint filed by Respondent No.2 under Section 12 of the DV Act, has been withdrawn by Respondent No.2. An affidavit giving ‘no objection’ to quashing of the present FIR has been filed by Respondent No.2 in support of this petition.

¶22

Issue notice.

¶23

Mr. Digam Singh Dagar, learned APP accepts notice on behalf of the State.

¶24

Respondent No. 2 is present virtually and accepts notice. All the parties appear virtually and are identified by the Investigating Officer SI Balwant Singh, PS: CWC Nanak Pura. Respondent No.2 states that she has no objection to the FIR being quashed as the marriage between her and

Page 2 of 7

CRL.M.C. 439/2024

Petitioner No. 1 stands dissolved and all other disputes have been amicably resolved and settled. She further submits that visitation rights etc. have been reduced in writing in the MoU and Petitioner No.1 should be directed to ensure that the terms of settlement are complied with and further submits that Petitioner No. 1 should be bound down by the undertakings given in the MoU.

¶29

The Supreme Court in Gian Singh v. State of Punjab and Another, (2012) 10 SCC 303, observed that while exercising inherent powers under Section 482 Cr.P.C. in respect of quashing of an FIR where parties have entered into amicable resolution of the disputes, one of the considerations would be whether it would be unfair or contrary to the interest of justice to continue the criminal proceedings despite the compromise and if the answer to the question is in the affirmative, the High Court would be well within its jurisdiction to quash the criminal proceedings, in order to ensure that the disputes are put to an end and peace is restored as securing the ends of justice is the ultimate guiding factor. This was of-course with a caveat that heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, dacoity etc. cannot be fittingly quashed even though the victim or the victim’s family settles the disputes with the offender. Relevant paragraphs of the judgment are as follows: -

¶30

“55. In the very nature of its constitution, it is the judicial obligation of the High Court to undo a wrong in course of administration of justice or to prevent continuation of unnecessary judicial process. This is founded on the legal maxim quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, conceditur et id sine qua res ipsa esse non potest. The full import of which is whenever anything is authorised, and especially if, as a matter of duty, required to be done by law, it is found impossible to do that thing unless something else not authorised in express terms be also done, may also be done, then that something else will be supplied by necessary intendment. Ex debito justitiae is inbuilt in such exercise; the whole idea is to do real, complete

Page 3 of 7

CRL.M.C. 439/2024

and substantial justice for which it exists. The power possessed by the High Court under Section 482 of the Code is of wide amplitude but requires exercise with great caution and circumspection.

¶35

xxx xxx xxx

¶36

58. Where the High Court quashes a criminal proceeding having regard to the fact that the dispute between the offender and the victim has been settled although the offences are not compoundable, it does so as in its opinion, continuation of criminal proceedings will be an exercise in futility and justice in the case demands that the dispute between the parties is put to an end and peace is restored; securing the ends of justice being the ultimate guiding factor. No doubt, crimes are acts which have harmful effect on the public and consist in wrongdoing that seriously endangers and threatens the well-being of the society and it is not safe to leave the crime-doer only because he and the victim have settled the dispute amicably or that the victim has been paid compensation, yet certain crimes have been made compoundable in law, with or without the permission of the court. In respect of serious offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc., or other offences of mental depravity under IPC or offences of moral turpitude under special statutes, like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity, the settlement between the offender and the victim can have no legal sanction at all. However, certain offences which overwhelmingly and predominantly bear civil flavour having arisen out of civil, mercantile, commercial, financial, partnership or such like transactions or the offences arising out of matrimony, particularly relating to dowry, etc. or the family dispute, where the wrong is basically to the victim and the offender and the victim have settled all disputes between them amicably, irrespective of the fact that such offences have not been made compoundable, the High Court may within the framework of its inherent power, quash the criminal proceeding or criminal complaint or FIR if it is satisfied that on the face of such settlement, there is hardly any likelihood of the offender being convicted and by not quashing the criminal proceedings, justice shall be casualty and ends of justice shall be defeated. The above list is illustrative and not exhaustive. Each case will depend on its own facts and no hard-and-fast category can be prescribed. xxx xxx xxx

¶37

61 . The position that emerges from the above discussion can be summarised thus : the power of the High Court in quashing a criminal proceeding or FIR or complaint in exercise of its inherent jurisdiction is distinct and different from the power given to a criminal court for compounding the offences under Section 320 of the Code. Inherent power is of wide plenitude with no statutory limitation but it has to be exercised in accord with the guideline engrafted in such power viz. : (i) to secure the

Page 4 of 7

CRL.M.C. 439/2024

ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court. In what cases power to quash the criminal proceeding or complaint or FIR may be exercised where the offender and the victim have settled their dispute would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case and no category can be prescribed. However, before exercise of such power, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the crime. Heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. cannot be fittingly quashed even though the victim or victim's family and the offender have settled the dispute. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, any compromise between the victim and the offender in relation to the offences under special statutes like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity, etc.; cannot provide for any basis for quashing criminal proceedings involving such offences. But the criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominatingly civil flavour stand on a different footing for the purposes of quashing, particularly the offences arising from commercial, financial, mercantile, civil, partnership or such like transactions or the offences arising out of matrimony relating to dowry, etc. or the family disputes where the wrong is basically private or personal in nature and the parties have resolved their entire dispute. In this category of cases, the High Court may quash the criminal proceedings if in its view, because of the compromise between the offender and the victim, the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of the criminal case would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal case despite full and complete settlement and compromise with the victim. In other words, the High Court must consider whether it would be unfair or contrary to the interest of justice to continue with the criminal proceeding or continuation of the criminal proceeding would tantamount to abuse of process of law despite settlement and compromise between the victim and the wrongdoer and whether to secure the ends of justice, it is appropriate that the criminal case is put to an end and if the answer to the above question(s) is in the affirmative, the High Court shall be well within its jurisdiction to quash the criminal proceeding.”

¶42

The Supreme Court has consistently reaffirmed this view and in the context of matrimonial disputes, it would be relevant to refer to the observations of the Supreme Court in Jitendra Raghuvanshi and Others v. Babita Raghuvanshi and Another, (2013) 4 SCC 58, relevant paragraphs of which are as follows: -

Page 5 of 7

CRL.M.C. 439/2024

“15. In our view, it is the duty of the courts to encourage genuine settlements of matrimonial disputes, particularly, when the same are on considerable increase. Even if the offences are non-compoundable, if they relate to matrimonial disputes and the Court is satisfied that the parties have settled the same amicably and without any pressure, we hold that for the purpose of securing ends of justice, Section 320 of the Code would not be a bar to the exercise of power of quashing of FIR, complaint or the subsequent criminal proceedings.

¶47

16. There has been an outburst of matrimonial disputes in recent times. The institution of marriage occupies an important place and it has an important role to play in the society. Therefore, every effort should be made in the interest of the individuals in order to enable them to settle down in life and live peacefully. If the parties ponder over their defaults and terminate their disputes amicably by mutual agreement instead of fighting it out in a court of law, in order to do complete justice in the matrimonial matters, the courts should be less hesitant in exercising their extraordinary jurisdiction. It is trite to state that the power under Section 482 should be exercised sparingly and with circumspection only when the Court is convinced, on the basis of material on record, that allowing the proceedings to continue would be an abuse of process of court or that the ends of justice require that the proceedings ought to be quashed. We also make it clear that exercise of such power would depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case and it has to be exercised in appropriate cases in order to do real and substantial justice for the administration of which alone the courts exist. It is the duty of the courts to encourage genuine settlements of matrimonial disputes and Section 482 of the Code enables the High Court and Article 142 of the Constitution enables this Court to pass such orders.”

¶48

Parties have mutually settled all their disputes and differences. Respondent No. 2 acknowledges having received the total settlement amount. She submits that marriage between Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No.2 stands dissolved. In view of the settlement between the parties and the categorical stand of Respondent No.2 that she does not want to pursue the complaint, no useful purpose will be achieved in continuing the criminal proceedings emanating from the subject FIR as the chances of conviction are bleak and it would be in the interest of justice that the proceedings are terminated. This Court is fortified in its view by the judgments of this Court

Page 6 of 7

CRL.M.C. 439/2024

in Varun Nagpal and Another v. State NCT of Delhi and Another, 2023 SCC OnLine Del 785 and Ankit Ahuja and Others v. State and Another, 2023 SCC OnLine Del 2787, where the Courts have quashed FIRs under similar provisions, predicated on settlement between the parties, in the interest of justice. Accordingly, of FIR No. 0001/2020 dated 12.02.2020 under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC registered at PS: Crime (Women) Cell Nanakpura is quashed including proceedings emanating therefrom. Needless to state that the parties shall remain bound by the terms of settlement.

¶53

It is made clear that as per the binding dictum of the Supreme Court in Ganesh v. Sudhirkumar Shrivastava and Others , (2020) 20 SCC 787, the terms of settlement arrived at between Petitioner No. 1 and Respondent No.2 will not come in the way of their children enforcing his rights against the parties, if and when they choose to do so. 13. Petition stands allowed and disposed of.

¶54

JYOTI SINGH, J

¶55

JANUARY 19, 2024/shivam

¶56

Page 7 of 7

¶57

CRL.M.C. 439/2024

¶58

Rakesh Raghav and Ors. v. the State NCT of Delhi and Anr.

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Rakesh Raghav and Ors. v. the State NCT of Delhi and Anr.

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

What the court decided

A compact analysis

Issues for consideration

Cases cited

Statutes considered

Parties & counsel

Coram

Case details

Similar cases

Vinod Kumar Vs State (Gnct of Delhi)

Sh Yudhistar Alias Sonu & Ors. Vs the State & Anr.

Sidharath @ Sombir Vs State NCT of Delhi

Smt. Lata Devi & Anr. Vs State of NCT of Delhi & Ors.

Shahrukh @ Babu Vs State (Nct) of Delhi

Gulab Rai @ Chetan Vs State (Nct of Delhi)