Allowed

Farukh v. State Gnct of Delhi and Anr.

Delhi HC11 Jul 2024CRL.M.C./1847/2024

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

This petition challenged a rape FIR alleging sexual relations under false marriage pretenses. The High Court quashed proceedings based on a settlement, finding the relationship consensual and noting bleak conviction chances would cause undue harassment.

What did the court decide?

FIR No. 390/2019 and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom are quashed.

Farukh Vs State Gnct of Delhi and Anr. — Constitutional and Fundamental Rights | Delhi HC (2024)

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$~41

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

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- CRL.M.C. 1847/2024

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FARUKH .....Petitioner

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Through: Mr. Priyaranjan Kumar and Mr. Nitin., Adv. along with petitioner-in-person.

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versus

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STATE GNCT OF DELHI AND ANR .....Respondents Through: Mr. Naresh Kumar Chahar, APP for the State along with Mr. Chetan Kumar Garg, Ms. Mandakini Ghosh & Mr. Sudhir Kumar, Advs.

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SI Anugreha, PS Welcome Mr. Shahrukh, Adv. for R- 2.

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CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE AMIT MAHAJAN

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O R D E R

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% 11.07.2024

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The present petition is filed under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (‘ CrPC ’) seeking quashing of the FIR No. 390/2019 dated 04.08.2019 registered at Police Station Welcome, for offence under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (‘ IPC ’). The chargesheet has been filed in the present case.

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The present FIR was registered on a complaint given by Respondent No. 2/ complainant alleging that she was in a relationship with the petitioner for two years. It is alleged that the petitioner established sexual relations with Respondent No. 2 on the false pretext of marriage. In 2019, when the complainant asked the petitioner to marry her, he refused. This led to the registration of the present FIR.

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CRL.M.C. 1847/2024

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Page 1 of 7

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This is a digitally signed order. The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/07/2025 at 08:09:46

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The learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the parties have since entered into a Memorandum of Settlement on 16.02.2024. As per the terms of the settlement, the complainant has agreed to quashing of the present FIR because admittedly, the parties were in a consensual relationship.

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The present petition is duly supported by the affidavit of Respondent No. 2 where she has deposed that she does not wish to pursue any proceedings out of the present FIR.

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The offence under Section 376 of IPC is noncompoundable in nature.

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In Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. , (2014) 6 SCC 466, the Hon’ble Apex Court laid down the guiding principles for the exercise of discretion under Section 482 of the CrPC. These principles pertain to quashing of proceedings in cases where there has been a settlement between the parties:

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“29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.

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29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure:

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(i) ends of justice, or

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(ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court.

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Page 2 of 7

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CRL.M.C. 1847/2024

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While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.

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29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.

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x-x-x

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29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.

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29.6. Offences under Section 307 IPC would fall in the category of heinous and serious offences and therefore are to be generally treated as crime against the society and not against the individual alone. However, the High Court would not rest its decision merely because there is a mention of Section 307 IPC in the FIR or the charge is framed under this provision. It would be open to the High Court to examine as to whether incorporation of Section 307 IPC is there for the sake of it or the prosecution has collected sufficient evidence, which if proved, would lead to proving the charge under Section 307 IPC. For this purpose, it would be open to the High Court to go by the nature of injury sustained, whether such injury is inflicted on the vital/delicate parts of the body, nature of weapons used, etc. Medical report in respect of injuries suffered by the victim can generally be

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CRL.M.C. 1847/2024

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Page 3 of 7

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/07/2025 at 08:09:46

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the guiding factor. On the basis of this prima facie analysis, the High Court can examine as to whether there is a strong possibility of conviction or the chances of conviction are remote and bleak. In the former case it can refuse to accept the settlement and quash the criminal proceedings whereas in the latter case it would be permissible for the High Court to accept the plea compounding the offence based on complete settlement between the parties. At this stage, the Court can also be swayed by the fact that the settlement between the parties is going to result in harmony between them which may improve their future relationship.

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29.7. While deciding whether to exercise its power under Section 482 of the Code or not, timings of settlement play a crucial role. Those cases where the settlement is arrived at immediately after the alleged commission of offence and the matter is still under investigation, the High Court may be liberal in accepting the settlement to quash the criminal proceedings/investigation. It is because of the reason that at this stage the investigation is still on and even the charge-sheet has not been filed. Likewise, those cases where the charge is framed but the evidence is yet to start or the evidence is still at infancy stage, the High Court can show benevolence in exercising its powers favourably, but after prima facie assessment of the circumstances/material mentioned above . On the other hand, where the prosecution evidence is almost complete or after the conclusion of the evidence the matter is at the stage of argument, normally the High Court should refrain from exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code, as in such cases the trial court would be in a position to decide the case finally on merits and to come to a conclusion as to whether the offence under Section 307 IPC is committed or not. Similarly, in those cases where the conviction is already recorded by the trial court and the matter is at the appellate stage before the High Court, mere compromise between the parties would not be a ground to accept the same resulting in

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CRL.M.C. 1847/2024

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acquittal of the offender who has already been convicted by the trial court. Here charge is proved under Section 307 IPC and conviction is already recorded of a heinous crime and, therefore, there is no question of sparing a convict found guilty of such a crime.”

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(emphasis supplied)

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The Hon’ble Apex Court, in Kapil Gupta : 2022 SCC Online SC 1030 , while quashing an FIR under Section 376 of the IPC, had observed as under:

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“ 12. It can thus be seen that this Court has clearly held that though the Court should be slow in quashing the proceedings wherein heinous and serious offences are involved, the High Court is not foreclosed from examining as to whether there exists material for incorporation of such an offence or as to whether there is sufficient evidence which if proved would lead to proving the charge for the offence charged with. The Court has also to take into consideration as to whether the settlement between the parties is going to result into harmony between them which may improve their mutual relationship.

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x-x-x

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15. In both the cases, though the chargesheets have been filed, the charges are yet to be framed and as such, the trial has not yet commenced. It is further to be noted that since Respondent 2 herself is not supporting the prosecution case, even if the criminal trial is permitted to go ahead, it will end in nothing else than an acquittal. If the request of the parties is denied, it will be amounting to only adding one more criminal case to the already overburdened criminal courts.”

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(emphasis supplied)

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The Hon’ble Apex Court in Pramod Suryabhan Pawar v. State of Maharashtra: AIR 2019 SCC 4010 has held that

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CRL.M.C. 1847/2024

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consent involves an active understanding of the circumstances, actions, and consequences of the proposed act. The Court placing reliance on Uday v State of Karnataka: (2003) 4 SCC 46, observed that when the complainant’s consent to enter into sexual relations was not dependent on the promise to marry but was guided by other factors, then an offence under Section 376 of the IPC cannot be made out.

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A coordinate bench of this under similar circumstances in I S v. Government of NCT of Delhi & Anr. : 2024:DHC:2667 , noted that when parties have settled the dispute, the chances of conviction are bleak. Accordingly, the court quashed the proceedings to prevent the abuse of the process of court and to maintain harmony between the parties. The court held as under :

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“ 10. It is pertinent to observe that whensoever a woman makes a reasoned choice to establish physical relations after fully understanding the consequences of such action, the ‘consent’ cannot be said to be based on misconception of fact until and unless there is a clear evidence that a false promise with no intention of upholding the same was given by the maker at the time of making the promise. The said promise must be of immediate relevance and bear a direct nexus to a decision by the woman to engage in sexual act.

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Given the nature of relationship between the petitioner and respondent no.2, it does not appear that any such alleged promise was in bad faith or to deceive respondent no.2 but for the subsequent developments in the family of the petitioner. It is pertinent to observe that within a short period during the process of investigation itself, petitioner voluntarily married respondent no.2. In the facts and circumstances, it cannot be construed that the promise made by the petitioner initially was with an intention to not fulfill the same. It cannot be ignored that quashing of proceedings shall result in better harmony in the matrimonial relationship between the parties, rather than continuing with the proceedings

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CRL.M.C. 1847/2024

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under Section 376 IPC. Also, the chances of any conviction in proceedings/trial are remote and bleak in view of settlement between the parties. 11.Considering the facts and circumstances, since the matter has been amicably settled between the parties, no useful purpose shall be served by keeping the case pending. Continuation of proceedings would be nothing but an abuse of the process of Court and cause prejudice and disruption in harmony between the parties. Consequently, FIR No.090/2024 under Section 376 IPC registered at P.S.: Pandav Nagar, Delhi and the proceedings emanating therefrom stand quashed .”

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In the present case, the complainant’s statement indicated that she was in a consensual relationship with the petitioner. It is undisputed that the parties were familiar with each other and, at one point, intended to marry. The engagement was called off for some reason, leading to the registration of the present FIR. Under these circumstances, allowing the criminal trial to proceed would cause undue harassment and heartburn to the parties.

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In view of the fact that the complainant has herself stated that the parties were in consensual relationship and she does not wish to pursue any proceedings arising out of the present FIR, this Court is of the opinion that it is a fit case to exercise discretionary jurisdiction under Section 482 of the CrPC. 12. In view of the above, FIR No. 390/2019 and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom are quashed.

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