This judgment allowed two connected PILs filed under Section 482 CrPC to quash cross FIRs for NP offences. The Court, noting a post-filing settlement and the parties' resolve, held that quashing served justice and prevented abuse of process.
FIRs No. 0270/2016 and No.0273/2016 and all consequential proceedings are quashed.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
$~71 & 74
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Date of decision: 20.02.2024
(71)+ CRL.M.C. 1368/2024 LALIT MOHAN & ORS. ..... Petitioners Through: Mr.Gyan Mitra, Adv. with petitioners in person. versus
THE STATE (NCT OF DELHI) & ANR. ..... Respondents Through: Mr.Satinder Singh Bawa, APP with SI Arvind Barak. Mr.Agraza, Ms.Deeksha Anand, Advs. for R-2 with R-2 in person. (74)+ CRL.M.C. 1383/2024 LOKESH & ORS. ..... Petitioners Through: Mr.Agraza, Ms.Deeksha Anand, Advs. with petitioners in person. versus
THE STATE (NCT OF DELHI) & ANR. ..... Respondents Through: Mr.Satinder Singh Bawa, APP with SI Mayank Istwal. Mr.Gyan Mitra, Adv. for R-2 with R-2 in person
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE NAVIN CHAWLA
NAVIN CHAWLA, J. (ORAL)
CRL.M.A. 5424/2024 (Exemption) in CRL.M.C. 1368/2024 CRL.M.A. 5479/2024 (Exemption) in CRL.M.C. 1383/2024
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CRL.M.C. 1368/2024 CRL.M.C. 1383/2024
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have no objection if the present FIRs are quashed.
“29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings:-
29.1 Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.
29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure:
(i) ends of justice, or
(ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court.
While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.
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29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.
29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves.
29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.
29.6. Offences under Section 307 IPC would fall in the category of heinous and serious offences and therefore are to be generally treated as crime against the society and not against the individual alone. However, the High Court would not rest its decision merely because there is a mention of Section 307 IPC in the FIR or the charge is framed under this provision. It would be open to the High Court to examine as to whether incorporation of Section 307 IPC is there for the sake of it or the prosecution has collected sufficient evidence, which if proved, would lead to proving the charge under Section 307 IPC. For this purpose, it would be open to the High Court to go by the nature of injury sustained, whether such injury is inflicted on the
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vital/delegate parts of the body, nature of weapons used, etc. Medical report in respect of injuries suffered by the victim can generally be the guiding factor. On the basis of this prima facie analysis, the High Court can examine as to whether there is a strong possibility of conviction or the chances of conviction are remote and bleak. In the former case it can refuse to accept the settlement and quash the criminal proceedings whereas in the latter case it would be permissible for the High Court to accept the plea compounding the offence based on complete settlement between the parties. At this stage, the Court can also be swayed by the fact that the settlement between the parties is going to result in harmony between them which may improve their future relationship. 29.7. While deciding whether to exercise its power under Section 482 of the Code or not, timings of settlement play a crucial role. Those cases where the settlement is arrived at immediately after the alleged commission of offence and the matter is still under investigation, the High Court may be liberal in accepting the settlement to quash the criminal proceedings/investigation. It is because of the reason that at this stage the investigation is still on and even the charge-sheet has not been filed. Likewise, those cases where the charge is framed but the evidence is yet to start or the evidence is still at infancy stage, the High Court can show benevolence in exercising its powers favourably, but after prima facie assessment of the circumstances/material mentioned above. On the other hand, where the prosecution evidence is almost complete or after the conclusion of the evidence the matter is at the stage of argument, normally the High Court should refrain from exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code, as in such cases the trial court would be in a position to decide the case finally on merits and to come to a conclusion as to whether the offence under Section 307 IPC is committed or not.
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Similarly, in those cases where the conviction is already recorded by the trial court and the matter is at the appellate stage before the High Court, mere compromise between the parties would not be a ground to accept the same resulting in acquittal of the offender who has already been convicted by the trial court. Here charge is proved under Section 307 IPC and conviction is already recorded of a heinous crime and, therefore, there is no question of sparing a convict found guilty of such a crime.”
(Emphasis Supplied)
“15.4. Offences under Section 307 IPC and the Arms Act, etc. would fall in the category of heinous and serious offences and therefore are to be treated as crime against the society and not against the individual alone, and therefore, the criminal proceedings for the offence under Section 307 IPC and/or the Arms Act, etc. which have a serious impact on the society cannot be quashed in exercise of powers under Section 482 of the Code, on the ground that the parties have resolved their entire dispute amongst themselves. However, the High Court would not rest its decision merely because
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there is a mention of Section 307 IPC in the FIR or the charge is framed under this provision. It would be open to the High Court to examine as to whether incorporation of Section 307 IPC is there for the sake of it or the prosecution has collected sufficient evidence, which if proved, would lead to framing the charge under Section 307 IPC. For this purpose, it would be open to the High Court to go by the nature of injury sustained, whether such injury is inflicted on the vital/delicate parts of the body, nature of weapons used, etc. However, such an exercise by the High Court would be permissible only after the evidence is collected after investigation and the charge-sheet is filed/charge is framed and/or during the trial. Such exercise is not permissible when the matter is still under investigation. Therefore, the ultimate conclusion in paras 29.6 and 29.7 of the decision of this Court in Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (2014) 6 SCC 466 should be read harmoniously and to be read as a whole and in the circumstances stated hereinabove;”
(Emphasis Supplied)
“9. As discussed above, offence punishable under Section 308 IPC is not compoundable being of serious nature, however, if the Court feels that continuation of criminal proceedings will be an exercise in futility and justice in this case demands that the dispute between the parties is put to an end and peace is restored, it can order for quashing of the FIR or criminal proceedings as it is the duty of the Court to prevent continuation of unnecessary judicial process.”
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against the petitioners are quashed, subject to the condition that the petitioners in both the petitions shall deposit costs of Rs.25,000/- each with the Delhi State Legal Services Authority within a period of two weeks from today, and file proof of such deposit with the Registry of this Court and also supply a copy thereof to the IO, within the said period.
NAVIN CHAWLA, J
FEBRUARY 20, 2024/Arya/am Click here to check corrigendum, if any
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2 issues framed by the court
Whether the High Court can quash proceedings under Section 482 CrPC in a frivolous case arising from a settlement.
Whether investigation into offences under IPC Section 308 IPC is spectacles in view of the settlement.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Narinder Singh v. State of PunjabExplained¶26
(2014) 6 SCC 466 · Who else cites this
The State of Madhya Pradesh v. Laxmi NarayanExplained¶46
(2019) 5 SCC 688 · Who else cites this
Manoj Kumar & Ors. v. State & Anr.Explained¶52
Neutral Citation no.2016:DHC:2419
Mahender Singh @ Sunny & Anr. v. The State & Ors.Explained¶57
Neutral Citation no.2021:DHC:978
Gian Singh v. State of PunjabReferred¶59
(2012) 10 SCC 303 · Who else cites this
Parbatbhai Aahir @ Parbatbhai Bhimsinbhai Karmur & Ors. v. State of Gujarat & Ors.Referred¶59
(2017) 9 SCC 641 · Who else cites this
State of Haryana & Ors. v. Bhajan Lal & Ors.Referred¶59
1992 Supp (1) SCC 335 · Who else cites this
3 provisions across 2 enactments
Lalit Mohan & Ors.
The State (NCT of Delhi)
Anr.
Lokesh & Ors.
The State (NCT of Delhi)
Anr.
Navin Chawla
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
