Allowed petition under Section 482 CrPC to quash FIR for matrimonial offences (498A, 406, 34 IPC). Court held that inherent power to quash applies in matrimonial disputes where parties settled amicably, preventing abuse of process and serving ends of justice.
FIR No. 427/2022 and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom quashed.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
versus
THE STATE AND ANR ..... Respondents Through: Mr. Hitesh Vali, APP for the State with SI Piyush Kumar, PS Anand Vihar. Adv. Paramjeet Singh, for R-2 along with R-2.
CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE AMIT MAHAJAN O R D E R
% 16.02.2024 CRL.M.A. 5034/2024 (for exemption)
CRL.M.C. 1281/2024
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misunderstandings took place between the parties, due to which Petitioner No.1 and Respondent No.2 started residing separately. 6. Subsequently, Respondent No.2 made a complaint to the ACP, Crime Against Women Cell, Shahdara District, Seemapuri, Delhi, against the petitioners, alleging that she was subjected to cruelty by them, which later culminated in the above mentioned FIR No. 427/2022.
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compoundable.
“29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings:
29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.
29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure:
(i) ends of justice, or
(ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court.
While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.
29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences
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alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.
29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves.
29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.”
(emphasis supplied)
“16. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions :
16.1. Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court.
16.2. The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a first information report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is noncompoundable.
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16.3. In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power.
16.4. While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised (i) to secure the ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court.
16.5. The decision as to whether a complaint or first information report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated.
16.6. In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences.
16.7. As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing insofar as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned.
16.8. Criminal cases involving offences which arise from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute.
16.9. In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and
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16.10. There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions 16.8. and 16.9. above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well-being of the State have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance.”
(emphasis supplied)
AMIT MAHAJAN, J
FEBRUARY 16, 2024 “SK”
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3 issues framed by the court
Whether FIR against matrimonial cruelty can be quashed under Section 482 CrPC despite non-compoundability of Section 498A IPC on account of settlement.
Whether exercise of inherent powers to quash criminal proceedings justified when dispute resolved amicably between parties to prevent abuse of process.
Whether quashing of FIR falling within matrimonial disputes settled by compromise serves ends of justice.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Narinder Singh & Ors. V. State of Punjab & Anr.Relied on¶22
Narinder Singh & Ors. V. State of Punjab & Anr. : (2014) 6 SCC 466 · Who else cites this
Parbatbhai Aahir & Ors v. State of Gujarat & AnrRelied on¶36
Parbatbhai Aahir & Ors v. State of Gujarat & Anr reported as (2017) 9 SCC 641 · Who else cites this
2 provisions across 2 enactments
NEELENDRA PRATAP SINGH AND ORS
THE STATE AND ANR
AMIT MAHAJAN
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
