This writ petition challenged the CBSE's refusal to correct a student's erroneously uploaded internal assessment marks from 18 to 20. Relying on restrictive CBSE circulars, the Court rejected the petition, stating that marking schemes become final once uploaded to prevent administrative chaos.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
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versus
CBSE AND ORS. ..... Respondents Through: Mr. Ashok Kumar, Advocate for R-1 and R-3
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE C.HARI SHANKAR
JUDGMENT (ORAL)
% 05.01.2024
1. This one of those unfortunate cases in which the Court regrets that it has to rule from the head and not from the heart.
2. The facts are brief.
3. Petitioner 2 Miloni Das (“Miloni” hereinafter) was a student of the Indian School (hereinafter “the school”) at Muscat, Oman, affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). She entered Class X in 2019 and passed out of Class X in 2020. Petitioner 2’s contention is that she has been a student, who has been maxing in her papers throughout. Petitioner 1 Nilakantha Das is the father of Petitioner 2.
4. On 15 July 2020, the CBSE announced the final examination results of Class X. On perusing the results, the petitioners noticed that Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:AJIT KUMAR W.P.(C) 10063/2020 Page 1 of 12 Signing Date:07.0 1.20 24 22:09
Miloni was awarded only 18 marks out of 20 in internal assessment in the Social Studies paper though she scored 20 out of 20 in all other subjects. This appears to have provoked the petitioners to contact the school, claiming that Miloni ought to have been awarded 20 on 20 in internal assessment for her Social Studies paper as she had been awarded 20 marks out of 20 in internal assessment for all other subjects.
5. How Miloni presumed that she had scored 20 on 20 in the internal assessment of her Social Studies paper, and not 18 on 20, is not immediately forthcoming from the writ petition. However, that may not be a matter of concern as the school apparently acknowledged its mistake. On 16 July 2020 itself, the school addressed a communication to the CBSE, stating that it had erroneously uploaded the internal assessment marks of seven students – including Miloni – as 18 out of 20 instead of 20 out of 20. As such, the school requested the CBSE to carry out the necessary corrections at its end.
6. The school, on 7 August 2020, addressed yet another communication to the CBSE in this regard, which reads thus:
“The Regional Director Date: Aug 7, 2000 Central Board of Secondary Education Delhi (EAST), Patparganj, New Delhi
Dear Sir,
Subject:- Correction in the Internal Marks of Class X, School Code 90075, Centre No. 9033)
Greeting from Indian school Muscat!
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We would like to bring it to your kind notice that due to heavy data entry of internal marks for more than 525 students of class X from our school, By mistake the data entry staff entered a few entries wrong as compared to awarded marks of internal by the teacher. (Copy of Internal marks attached) The details are the following:
| Social Stu | dies(087) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sr. No. |
Roll Number | Name of Pupil | Uploaded Marks |
Actual Marks |
| 1. | ||||
| 2 | 27108426 | MILONI DAS | 18 | 20 |
| 3 | ||||
| 4 | ||||
| 5 | ||||
| 6 |
| Functional (84) |
English | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sr. | Roll Number | Name | of | Uploaded | Actual |
| No. | Pupil | Marks | Marks | ||
| 1. |
We apologize for the mistake carried out by our staff. We are requesting you to help us in providing the correct mark for the students as it would impact the performance of the student’s marks which is not their fault. Keeping the student’s welfare may we request you do the needful in this regard. As the mistake is at the school end we are ready to pay the fine if any, as per CBSE rules.
Thanking you in advance for your kind consideration for understanding the issue.
With warm regards Sd. Dr. Rajeev Kumar Chauhan Principal INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT School Code: 90075”
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7. On 31 August 2020, the CBSE responded to the school stating that it was not possible to accede to the request to change the internal assessment marks of the seven candidates, in respect of whom the school claimed to have committed an error, in view of Circular No. F.No. CBSE/AS(COORD)/IA/X/2020 dated 30 January 2020. The said Circular dated 30 January 2020 reads as under:
“ No. CBSE/AS(COORD)/IA/X/2020
Dated: 30.01.2020
To The Heads of Schools affiliated to the Board.
Reg: Uploading of Marks of Internal Assessment/ Practical at Class X level w.e.f. 01.02.2020 to 15.02.2020
Madam/Sir,
The Internal Assessments/ Practicals for Class X have been conducted by the schools in the academic session 2019-2020 as stipulated in the Secondary School Curriculum. The link for uploading of the Marks will be open w.e.f. 01.02.2020 to 15.02.2020 . All schools are, therefore, requested to upload the marks during the above said period.
Your attention is invited to Circular No. CBSE/Coord/DS/EC/2019 dated 11.10.2018 wherein you were informed that the students will have to secure overall 33% marks (both Internal Assessment/Practical and theory taken together) in each subject to be eligible to pass that subject. It should be ensured that correct marks are uploaded so as to enable the CBSE to declare correct result.
While uploading marks, schools will ensure that correct marks are uploaded as no correction in the marks will be allowed once marks are uploaded . Schools should also keep in mind maximum marks allotted for Internal Assessments/ Practicals while awarding/uploading marks as per Circular No. COORD/PTG/2019, dated 08.11.2019 available on link available
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http://cbse.nic.in/newsite/attach/UPLOAD LIST%200F%20SUBJ ECTS%20HAVIG %20PRACTICAL PROJECT INTERNAL%20ASSES.pdf
Yours faithfully
Sd./30.01.2020
(DR. SANYAM BHARDWAJ) CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS”
8. It would also be relevant to reproduce para 8 of Circular No. COORD/PTG/2019 dated 8 November 2019, which is cited in the Circular dated 30 January 2020 of the CBSE:
9. The petitioner apparently filed an application, thereafter, under the Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI Act), to which the CBSE responded on 10 November 2020. Apropos this response, para 21 of the writ petition avers thus:
10. Though, according to para 21 of the writ petition, CBSE, in its response dated 10 November 2020 acknowledged that the actual
Signature Not Verifiedinternal assessment marks of Miloni in Social Studies was 20 and not
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18, no such acknowledgment is forthcoming in the communication dated 10 November 2020 from the CBSE, which reads as under:
“ CBSE/ROD/RTI/4059/2020 Dated – 10/11/2020 Online reg. no. – CBSED/R/E/20/03729 Mr. Nilakantha Das B-6, Kings Apartments, Plot No. 124, VIP Colony, Nayapalli, Bhubneswar, Delhi-751015 [email protected]
Sub:- Information sought under RTI 2005
This is with reference to your request received in this office dated 25.10.2020, on the above subject. In this regard, the information as sought by you and the information provided are given here under:
| Information sought | Information provided |
|---|---|
| I would request CBSE |
Point no.1 |
| authorities to provide |
The internal marks of Social |
| following information about | Science Subject in r/o Miloni |
| my daughter MILONI DAS | Das is 18 out of 20 |
| Class-X board exam result | |
| 2019-20. Roll No. 27108426. | Point no.2 |
| School No. 90075. Admit | The information sought |
| Card No. ML429033 | pertains to concerned school. You may approach directly for |
| 1) INTERNAL MARK on | the same. |
| SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) |
|
| subject received by CBSE | Point no.3 |
| from School. | The copy sent by concerned school dated |
| 2) Detail distribution of the internal mark like how much |
08.08.2020 is enclosed. |
| she scored in periodic tests, | |
| class test, notebook |
Point no.4 |
| submission, projects etc. | The letter issued by this office to the school dated 31.08.2020 |
| 3) Detailed communication | is enclosed. |
| sent by school to CBSE to | |
| increase the internal mark on | Point no.5 |
| social science subject. | As per Circular No. COORD/PTG/2019 dated |
| 4) Detailed communication | 08.11.2019 and |
| sent by CBSE to school | CBSE/AS(COORD)/IA/X/2020 |
| rejecting the request made by school. |
dated 31.01.2020, no correction in the marks will be allowed, |
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| once marks are uploaded. | |
|---|---|
| 5) What are the |
|
| rules/guidelines/provisions available in CBSE, if there is a mistake done by school in |
The link of above said circular is given below: https://cbse.nic.in/newsite/attac |
| internal marks before/after |
h/UPLOAD |
| board exam. Kindly send me the above information on my mail id. |
LIST%20OF%20SUBJECTS% 20HAVING%20PRACTICAL_ PROJECT INTERNAL%20ASSES.pdf (circular dated 08.11.2019) https://cbse.nic.in/newsite/attac h/UPLOADING%20MARKS% 20OF%20INTERNAL%20 ASSESSMENT%20CLASS- X%20(2020).pdf (circular dated 30.11.2019) |
In case you are not satisfied with the above information, you may prefer First Appeal to the First Appellate Authority within 30 days from the date of receipt of this letter, whose particulars are given below:-
The First Appellate Authority The Joint Secretary
Central Board of Secondary Education PS 1-2, Institutional Area, I.P. Extn, Patparganj Delhi-110092
Yours faithfully,
Public Information Officer”
11. As such, it is not as though the CBSE at any stage accepted the internal assessment marks of Miloni in Social Studies to be 20 and not 18.
12. As the CBSE was thus unwilling to accede to the request either of the school or of the petitioners, to revise the internal assessment marks awarded to Miloni in the Social Studies stream from 18 to 20,
she has approached this Court through her father, by means of the Signature Not Verified
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present writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. The writ petition seeks a writ of mandamus directing the CBSE to correct Miloni’s internal assessment marks in Social Studies for Class X in the academic year 2019-2020 from 18 to 20, along with consequential reliefs.
13. I have heard Mr. N.K. Sahoo, learned Counsel for the petitioners and Mr. Ashok Kumar, learned Counsel for the CBSE at some length.
14. Mr. Sahoo submits that there is no dispute about the fact that Miloni was, in fact, awarded 20 marks, and not 18 marks in internal assessment in Social Studies.
15. When this writ petition had initially come up before this Court, it was specifically queried of Mr. Sahoo as to whether he desired to challenge the Circulars of the CBSE, on the basis of which they had rejected the request for revision of the Social Studies internal assessment marks of Miloni. Mr. Sahoo responded in the negative.
16. On the next date of hearing, on 13 September 2021, when the matter was listed next, Mr. Sahoo sought time to cite authorities to support his submission that the decision of the CBSE deserves to be set aside even if it was in accordance with its own Circulars.
17. Before me, Mr. Sahoo submits that Miloni cannot be subjected to prejudice on account of the error committed by the school. He Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:AJIT KUMAR W.P.(C) 10063/2020 Page 8 of 12 Signing Date:07.0 1.20 24 22:09
submits that there is no dispute about the fact that Miloni had, in fact, been awarded 20 instead of 18 marks in the internal assessment in Social Studies. The school had also acknowledged the error. In that view of the matter, he submits that the CBSE was not justified in adopting a rigid stance and citing its Circulars as a ground not to correct the internal assessment marks as entered on its record, blind to the adverse effect of a student’s marks being wrongly reflected in the CBSE certificate. In this connection, he draws my attention to the fact that Clause 8 of the CBSE Circular dated 8 November 2019 uses the word “will” and not “shall”.
18. Mr. Sahoo also places reliance to support his submission on the judgment of the Supreme Court in Charles K. Skaria v. Dr. C. Mathew1 and Dolly Chhanda v. Chairman, JEE2 , specifically drawing attention to para 20 of the former and paras 7 and 8 of the later decision. He has also placed reliance on the well-known judgment of the Supreme Court in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. U.O.I.3 .
19. Having heard Mr. Sahoo, while this Court empathizes with the situation in which Miloni finds herself, it is powerless to grant any relief, in the facts of the present case.
20. The Circulars dated 8 November 2019 and 30 January 2020 of the CBSE are clear and categorical. They do not allow any change in
1 AIR 1980 SC 1230
2 AIR 2004 SC 5043
Signature Not Verified3 (2017) 10 SCC 1
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the internal assessment marks for a student as uploaded by the school on the website of the CBSE. The schools have been advised to be careful while uploading the marks, as once the marks are uploaded, no correction would be allowed. This advisory finds place in both the Circulars dated 8 November 2019 and 30 January 2020 of the CBSE. Para 8 of the Circular dated 8 November 2019 specifically stipulates, in the matter of the marks relating to internal assessment in Classes X and XII, that no request from the school stating that wrong marks have been uploaded, would be entertained once the marks already stood uploaded on the CBSE’s website. The marks once uploaded would be treated as final for preparing the result of the CBSE.
21. The submission of Mr. Sahoo that the Circular should be treated as merely advisory as it uses the word “will” and not “shall” is hardly acceptable in the present circumstances. The intent of the Circulars is clear and categorical. Once a school uploads the internal assessment marks of a student on the website of the CBSE, it cannot seek any correction in that regard, even if there was an error while uploading the marks.
22. In view of Mr. Sahoo’s decision not to challenge the aforesaid Circulars of the CBSE, the petition is actually completely devoid of any cause of action whatsoever.
23. The reliance, by Mr. Sahoo on the decision of the Supreme Court in Charles K. Skaria and Dolly Chhanda is, in my opinion, misplaced. Charles K. Skaria has, in fact, been considered in Dolly Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:AJIT KUMAR W.P.(C) 10063/2020 Page 10 of 12 Signing Date:07.0 1.20 24 22:09
Chhanda . The Court, in both these cases, was concerned with the issue of whether the candidature of the candidate in question could have been rejected merely for non-compliance with a procedural rule regarding documents which were required to be submitted by the candidate. Both the decisions answered the question in the negative.
24. That, however, is not what has happened in the present case. What is being sought is a revision of the marks which were communicated by the school to the CBSE and which, accordingly, found place in the final Exam results declared by the CBSE. It is not a case in which the error has taken place at the end of the CBSE. If that had been the position, it may still have been possible to contend that the petitioners had a legitimate grievance. The CBSE has reflected, in the results of Miloni, the marks allotted to her by the school, as communicated by the school. What the petitioners – and the school – desire is that those marks should be revised in view of the school’s admission that Miloni had actually been awarded 20 marks and not 18. The CBSE Circulars specifically proscribe any such revision.
25. The proscription, in my considered opinion, is eminently in public interest. Schools in India, as well as abroad, are affiliated to the CBSE. Utter chaos would result if schools were permitted to commit errors while uploading students’ marks on the website of the CBSE and thereafter, call upon the CBSE to correct the marks awarded at their end. The CBSE would also not be in a position to blindly accept such requests, and would, if this practice were to be allowed, have to conduct independent verifications in each such case Signature Not Verified
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to ascertain the actual marks which the candidate had been awarded. As Mr. Ashok Kumar correctly submitted, it would be debatable as to whether the CBSE would ever, in that case, be in a position to announce the final results of all students.
26. In any case, as the Circulars issued by the CBSE are not under challenge and as the decision of the CBSE is in sync with the Circulars, no sustainable grievance exists in this writ petition.
27. Though, therefore, this Court once again empathises with Miloni, it regrets its inability to come to her aid.
28. The writ petition is dismissed with no order as to costs.
C.HARI SHANKAR, J
JANUARY 5, 2024 rb
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2 issues framed by the court
Whether the High Court can direct the CBSE to rectify internal assessment marks uploaded by a school despite CBSE circulars explicitly forbidding such corrections once marks are uploaded.
Whether the discriminatory use of the word 'will' versus 'shall' in CBSE Circulars renders the prohibition on correcting marks unenforceable.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Charles K. Skaria v. Dr. C. MathewDistinguished¶18
Charles K. Skaria v. Dr. C. Mathew
Dolly Chhanda v. Chairman, JEEDistinguished¶18
Dolly Chhanda v. Chairman, JEE
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. U.O.I.Referred¶18
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. U.O.I.
Nilkantha Das
Miloni Das
CBSE
C. Hari Shankar
As recorded by the court registry
A petition under Article 226 of the Constitution asking a High Court to issue a writ against the State or a public authority in a civil matter.
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
