Partly allowed¶77

Virendra Giri Goswami @ Chitu v. State of Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh HC4 May 2025CRMP/1143/2025

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Quashing of FIR, charge sheet and criminal case in matrimonial dowry-cruelty prosecution; Sections 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 IPC; omnibus/general allegations against in-laws insufficient; Bhajan Lal category 7; Section 528 BNSS 2023 inherent-power petition; Chhattisgarh High Court Bilaspur; CRMP No. 1143 of 2025; Geeta Mehrotra; K. Subba Rao; Rashmi Chopra; Payal Sharma; Dara Lakshmi Narayan; prosecution against husband continues; mediation failed; anticipatory bail granted earlier; neutral citation 2025:CGHC:20411-DB.

What did the court decide?

Petition allowed to the extent indicated: FIR No. 453/2024, charge sheet No. 475/2024 and proceedings of Criminal Case No. 1738/2024 quashed qua petitioner Nos. 2 to 5 (in-laws of respondent No. 2); prosecution against petitioner No. 1 (husband) to continue; no costs. ¶77

Virendra Giri Goswami @ Chitu Vs State of Chhattisgarh — Dowry and Cruelty | Chhattisgarh HC (2025)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

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Issue for consideration

Whether the FIR No. 453/2024 dated 08.06.2024 registered at P.S. Sarangarh under Sections 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 IPC, the charge sheet No. 475/2024 dated 11.07.2024, and the proceedings of Criminal Case No. 1738/2024 before the JMFC, Sarangarh, should be quashed on the petition filed under Section 528 of the BNSS, 2023. +1 more

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Court's answer

FIR No. 453/2024 dated 08.06.2024, charge sheet No. 475/2024 dated 11.07.2024 and the proceedings of Criminal Case No. 1738/2024 pending before the JMFC, Sarangarh, are quashed to the extent of petitioner Nos. 2 to 5 (in-laws of respondent No. 2).

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Ratio / Principle

The complaint/FIR contains only bald, omnibus and general allegations against the in-laws (petitioner Nos. 2 to 5) without full particulars of date and place or specific instances; prima facie no offence under Sections 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 IPC is made out for prosecuting petitioner Nos. 2 to 5.

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Key takeaways

Prosecution against petitioner No. 1 – Virendra Giri Goswami @ Chitu (husband of respondent No. 2) shall continue; the concerned trial Court will decide the pending criminal case strictly in accordance with law without being influenced by any observations made in this order.ratio¶76
Unlike the in-laws, there is a specific allegation against petitioner No. 1/husband regarding harassment for demand of dowry, which distinguishes his position and sustains the continuation of his prosecution.ratio¶71

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

High Court of Chhattisgarh at Bilaspur, CRMP No. 1143 of 2025 (decided 05/05/2025, per Ramesh Sinha, Chief Justice; bench included Arvind Kumar Verma, Judge; neutral citation 2025:CGHC:20411-DB). Petition under Section 528 of the BNSS, 2023 by a husband and four in-laws seeking quashing of FIR No. 453/2024 dated 08.06.2024 (P.S. Sarangarh) under Sections 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 IPC, charge sheet No. 475/2024 dated 11.07.2024, and Criminal Case No. 1738/2024 pending before the JMFC, Sarangarh, arising from a dowry-cruelty complaint by the wife (respondent No. 2, Neha Goswami; marriage dated 24.04.2022). Held: the complaint made only omnibus and general allegations against the in-laws (petitioner Nos. 2 to 5) without particulars of date and place or specific instances of their involvement; placing reliance on Geeta Mehrotra (2012) 10 SCC 741, K. Subba Rao (2018) 14 SCC 452, Rashmi Chopra 2019 SCC OnLine SC 620 (Bhajan Lal, 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335, category 7), Payal Sharma (Cr.A. No. 4773/2024) and following Dara Lakshmi Narayan (Cr.A. No. 5199 of 2024), no prima facie offence under Sections 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 IPC was made out against petitioner Nos. 2 to 5, and the FIR, charge sheet and criminal case were quashed to that extent. Prosecution against petitioner No. 1 (husband), against whom a specific dowry-harassment allegation exists, was directed to continue, with the trial court to decide uninfluenced by the Court's observations. Mediation between the parties could not take place. Petition allowed partly; no costs.

2025:CGHC:20411-DB

NAFR

HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR CRMP No. 1143 of 2025

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1 - Virendra Giri Goswami @ Chitu S/o Shri Amol Giri Goswami Aged About 30 Years.

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2 - Amol Giri Goswami S/o Late Shri Kailash Giri Goswami Aged About 67 Years.

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3 - Smt. Savitri Goswami W/o Amol Giri Goswami Aged About 63 Years.

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Petitioner Nos.1 to 3 are R/o Ward No. 26, House No. 50, Sindhi Colony, Near Jhulelal Temple, P.S. Champa, Distt.- JanjgirChampa

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4 - Smt. Tapeshwari @ Pinki Goswali W/o Shri Raghuraj Giri Goswami Aged About 34 Years.

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5 - Raghuraj Giri Goswami S/o Shri Santosh Giri Goswami Aged About 42 Years.

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Petitioner Nos.4 & 5 are R/o Gudi Chowk, House No. 103, Bastipara, Dharashiva, P.S. Janjgir, Distt.- Janjgir-Champa (C.G.)

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….. Petitioner(s)

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versus

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1 - State Of Chhattisgarh Through- S.H.O. P.S. Sarangarh, Distt.Sarangarh-Bilaigarh (C.G.)

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2 - Neha Goswami W/o Shri Virendra Giri Goswami Aged About 26 Years R/o- Bavhanpali, Seth Chhote Lal Apartment Colony, Flat No. C-2, Kharsiya, Distt.- Raigarh (C.G.).

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... Respondents

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For Petitioners : Mr. Ravindra Sharma, Advocate

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For Respondent /State : Mr. Hariom Rai, Panel Lawyer

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For Respondent No. 2 : Mr. Banhiman Roy, Advocate.

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Hon’ble Mr. Ramesh Sinha, Chief Justice Hon’ble Mr. Arvind Kumar Verma, Judge

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Order on Board

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Per Ramesh Sinha, Chief Justice

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05/05/2025

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1. This petition has been filed under Section 528 of the BNSS, 2023 with following relief(s):

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“that this Hon'ble Court may kindly be pleased to allow the Criminal Miscellaneous Petition and may kindly be pleased to quash the First Information Report No. 453/2024 registered at P.S. Sarangarh, Dist- SarangarhBilaigarh (C.G.) on 08.06.2024, for the offence punishable U/s 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 of 1.P.C., charge sheet No. 475/2024 dated 11.07.2024 and the proceeding of Criminal Case No. 1738/2024 pending before learned Judicial Magistrate First Class Sarangarh, Dist- Sarangarh-Bilaigarh (C.G.), which is pending for framing of charge, in the interest of justice..”

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2. The facts, in brief, as projected by the petitioners are that marriage of respondent No.2/Neha Goswami was solemnized with petitioner No.1/Virendra Giri Goswami on 24.04.2022 as per

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Hindu Customs and rituals. On 08.06.2024, respondent No.2/wife lodged the complaint before the concerned Police Station mentioning therein that after marriage, her husband (petitioner No.1) and in-laws (petitioner Nos.2 to 5) have started physical and mental cruelty upon her on account of demand of dowry (Innova Car, 100 gm Gold and cash Rs.5 Lakh). She further alleged that on 15.03.2023, she delivered a male child in the hospital at Champa and when petitioner Nos.4 & 5 came to meet her there, they starting assaulting her. After 05 days of delivery, she returned to matrimonial home where she knows that her in-laws were planning to commit her murder, she called her father and went to her parental house on 20.03.2023. After 14 months, a social meeting was called on 19.05.2024 where the petitioner No.1/husband has given consent to take her back, thereafter, on 26.05.2024, she went to her matrimonial home and, subsequently, petitioners again started physical and mental cruelty upon her and petitioner No.1 also caused the injury to her with vegetable cutting knife and broke her spectacles. Based upon report, F.I.R was registered against the petitioners for the offence punishable u/s 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 of I.P.C.

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3. After investigation, charge sheet was filed on 11.07.2024 and based upon which trial Court has taken cognizance against the petitioners. Hence, this petition.

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4. Learned counsel for the petitioners submits that petitioner No.1 is husband, petitioner Nos.2 & 3 are father-in-law and mother-in-law

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and petitioner Nos.4 & 5 are sister-in-law and brother-in-law of respondent No.2/complainant (wife). The petitioners have not committed any offence as alleged against them, they have never committed any physical or mental cruelty upon respondent No. 2/complainant on account of demand of dowry. The petitioner Nos.2 to 4 are not in regular touch/contact with the complainant, therefore, no question arises of committing any physical or mental cruelty by them upon the complainant. After few months of marriage, respondent No.02/complainant started threatening the petitioners to implicate them in the criminal case and she alongwith her relatives/family members have assaulted the petitioner No.1 and also used filthy language against him, hence, petitioner No.1/husband made complaint against his wife, in-laws and other relatives on 06.06.2024 thereafter on 10.06.2024 before the concerned Police Station. The dispute between the parties is relating to matrimonial dispute, but before registration of F.I.R against the petitioners, the Police has not conducted any counseling in the light of judgment passed by Hon'ble Supreme Court in case of Arnesh Kumar Vs. State of Bihar, reported in 2014 (8) SCC 273. Hence, petitioners have come before this Court with the aforesaid prayers. He also pointed out that the petitioners were granted anticipatory bail by the Court below.

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5. On the other hand, learned State Counsel appearing for the State/Respondent No.1 submits that once a complaint is received by the police and prima facie cognizable offence is made out, the

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police is bound to register the FIR and proceed in accordance with law. As such, the police has registered the FIR, investigated the matter and thereafter filed the charge-sheet against the petitioners before concerned trial Court and the trial is pending consideration.

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6. Learned counsel appearing for the respondent No.2/wife submits that the petitioners are not entitled to get any relief as respondent No.2 has been subjected to cruelty and harassment on the ground of demand of dowry and this petition deserves to be dismissed at the threshold. He would next contend that the mediation between the parties has failed.

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7. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the documents appended with petition.

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8. In compliance of order of this court, parties are appeared before the mediation Centre, however, mediation could not taken place between them as per mediation report.

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9. In the matter of Geeta Mehrotra and another v. State of Uttar Pradesh and another¹ , the Supreme Court has held that casual reference to the family member of the husband in FIR as coaccused particularly when there is no specific allegation and complaint did not disclose their active involvement. It was held that cognizance of matter against them for offence under Sections 498-A, 323, 504 and 506 of the IPC would not be justified as cognizance would result in abuse of judicial process.

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1 (2012) 10 SCC 741

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10. In the matter of K. Subba Rao and others v. State of Telangana represented by its Secretary, Department of Home and others² the Supreme Court delineated the duty of the criminal Courts while proceeding against relatives of victim's husband and held that the Court should be careful in proceeding against distant relatives in crime pertaining to matrimonial disputes and dowry deaths and further held that relatives of husband should not be roped in on the basis of omnibus allegations, unless specific instances of their involvement in offences are made out.

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11. In the matter of Rashmi Chopra v. State of Uttar Pradesh and Another³ , it has been held by the Supreme Court relying upon the principle of law laid down in State of Haryana and others v. Bhajan Lal and others⁴ that criminal proceedings can be allowed to proceed only when a prima facie offence is disclosed and further held that judicial process is a solemn proceeding which cannot be allowed to be converted into an instrument of oppression or harassment and the High Court should not hesitate in exercising the jurisdiction to quash the proceedings if the proceedings deserve to be quashed in line of parameters laid down by the Supreme Court in Bhajan Lal (supra) and further held that in absence of specific allegation regarding anyone of the accused except common and general allegations against everyone, no offence under Section 498A IPC is made out and

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3 2019 SCC OnLine SC 620

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4 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335

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2 (2018) 14 SCC 452

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quashed the charges for offence under Section 498A of the IPC being covered by category seven as enumerated in Bhajan Lal (supra) by holding as under:-

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“24. Coming back to the allegations in the complaint pertaining to Section 498A and Section 3/4 of D.P. Act. A perusal of the complaint indicates that the allegations against the appellants for offence under Section 498A and Section 3/4 of D.P. Act are general and sweeping. No specific incident dates or details of any incident has been mentioned in the complaint. The complaint having been filed after proceeding for divorce was initiated by Nayan Chopra in State of Michigan, where Vanshika participated and divorce was ultimately granted. A few months after filing of the divorce petition, the complaint has been filed in the Court of C.J.M., Gautam Budh Nagar with the allegations as noticed above. The sequence of the events and facts and circumstances of the case leads us to conclude that the complaint under Section 498A and Section 3/4 of D.P. Act have been filed as counter blast to divorce petition proceeding in State of Michigan by Nayan Chopra.

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25. There being no specific allegation regarding any one of the applicants except common general allegation against everyone i.e. “they started harassing the daughter of the applicant demanding additional dowry of one crore” and the fact that all relatives of the husband, namely, father, mother, brother, mother’s sister and husband of mother’s sister have been roped in clearly indicate that application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. was filed with a view to harass the applicants..…”

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12. The Apex Court, in Payal Sharma v. State of Punjab & Another {Cr.A. No. 4773/2024, decided on 26.11.2024} had, relying on the decision in Geeta Mehrotra (supra), Kahkashan Kausar @ Sonam & Others v. State of Bihar & Others {(2022) 6 SCC 599}, Bhajan Lal (supra), and Umesh Kumar v. State of Andhra Pradesh & Another {(2013) 10 SCC 591}, had quashed the FIR and the consequential proceedings emanating therefrom.

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13. Very recently, the Apex Court, in Dara Lakshmi Narayan & Others v. State of Telangana & Another {Cr.A. No. 5199 of 2024, decided on 10.12.2024}, has observed as under:

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“ 25. A mere reference to the names of family members in a criminal case arising out of a matrimonial dispute, without specific allegations indicating their active involvement should be nipped in the bud. It is a wellrecognised fact, borne out of judicial experience, that there is often a tendency to implicate all the members of the husband’s family when domestic disputes arise out of a matrimonial discord. Such generalised and sweeping accusations unsupported by concrete evidence or particularised allegations cannot form the basis for criminal prosecution. Courts must exercise caution in such cases to prevent misuse of legal provisions and the legal process and avoid unnecessary harassment of innocent family members. In the present case, appellant Nos.2 to 6, who are the members of the family of appellant No.1 have been living in different cities and have not resided in the matrimonial house of appellant No.1 and respondent No.2 herein. Hence, they cannot be dragged into criminal prosecution and the same would be

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an abuse of the process of the law in the absence of specific allegations made against each of them.

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26. In fact, in the instant case, the first appellant and his wife i.e. the second respondent herein resided at Jollarpeta, Tamil Nadu where he was working in Southern Railways. They were married in the year 2015 and soon thereafter in the years 2016 and 2017, the second respondent gave birth to two children. Therefore, it cannot be believed that there was any harassment for dowry during the said period or that there was any matrimonial discord. Further, the second respondent in response to the missing complaint filed by the first appellant herein on 05.10.2021 addressed a letter dated 11.11.2021 to the Deputy Superintendent of Police, Thirupathur Sub Division requesting for closure of the said complaint as she had stated that she had left the matrimonial home on her own accord owing to a quarrel with the appellant No.1 because of one Govindan with whom the second respondent was in contact over telephone for a period of ten days. She had also admitted that she would not repeat such acts in future. In the above conspectus of facts, we find that the allegations of the second respondent against the appellants herein are too far-fetched and are not believable.

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27. xxx xxx xxx

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28. The inclusion of Section 498A of the IPC by way of an amendment was intended to curb cruelty inflicted on a woman by her husband and his family, ensuring swift intervention by the State. However, in recent years, as there have been a notable rise in matrimonial disputes across the country, accompanied by growing discord and

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tension within the institution of marriage, consequently, there has been a growing tendency to misuse provisions like Section 498A of the IPC as a tool for unleashing personal vendetta against the husband and his family by a wife. Making vague and generalised allegations during matrimonial conflicts, if not scrutinized, will lead to the misuse of legal processes and an encouragement for use of arm twisting tactics by a wife and/or her family. Sometimes, recourse is taken to invoke Section 498A of the IPC against the husband and his family in order to seek compliance with the unreasonable demands of a wife. Consequently, this Court has, time and again, cautioned against prosecuting the husband and his family in the absence of a clear prima facie case against them.

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29. We are not, for a moment, stating that any woman who has suffered cruelty in terms of what has been contemplated under Section 498A of the IPC should remain silent and forbear herself from making a complaint or initiating any criminal proceeding. That is not the intention of our aforesaid observations but we should not encourage a case like as in the present one, where as a counterblast to the petition for dissolution of marriage sought by the first appellant-husband of the second respondent herein, a complaint under Section 498A of the IPC is lodged by the latter. In fact, the insertion of the said provision is meant mainly for the protection of a woman who is subjected to cruelty in the matrimonial home primarily due to an unlawful demand for any property or valuable security in the form of dowry. However, sometimes it is misused as in the present case.

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30. In the above context, this Court in G.V. Rao vs. L.H.V. Prasad, (2000) 3 SCC 693 observed as follows:

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“12. There has been an outburst of matrimonial disputes in recent times. Marriage is a sacred ceremony, the main purpose of which is to enable the young couple to settle down in life and live peacefully. But little matrimonial skirmishes suddenly erupt which often assume serious proportions resulting in commission of heinous crimes in which elders of the family are also involved with the result that those who could have counselled and brought about rapprochement are rendered helpless on their being arrayed as accused in the criminal case. There are many other reasons which need not be mentioned here for not encouraging matrimonial litigation so that the parties may ponder over their defaults and terminate their disputes amicably by mutual agreement instead of fighting it out in a court of law where it takes years and years to conclude and in that process the parties lose their “young” days in chasing their “cases” in different courts.”

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31. Further, this Court in Preeti Gupta vs. State of Jharkhand (2010) 7 SCC 667 held that the courts have to be extremely careful and cautious in dealing with these complaints and must take pragmatic realities into consideration while dealing with matrimonial cases. The allegations of harassment by the husband’s close relatives who had been living in different cities and never visited or rarely visited the place where the complainant resided would have an entirely different complexion. The allegations of the complainant are required to be scrutinized with great care and circumspection .

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32. We, therefore, are of the opinion that the impugned FIR No.82 of 2022 filed by respondent No.2 was initiated with ulterior motives to settle personal scores and grudges against appellant No.1 and his family members i.e., appellant Nos.2 to 6 herein. Hence, the present case at hand falls within category (7) of illustrative parameters highlighted in Bhajan Lal. Therefore, the High Court, in the present case, erred in not exercising the powers available to it under Section 482 CrPC and thereby failed to prevent abuse of the Court’s process by continuing the criminal prosecution against the appellants. ”

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Observing the aforesaid, the Apex Court quashed the FIR, the charge sheet and the consequential criminal proceedings pending before the learned trial Court.

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14. In the complaint so made, the respondent No.2/complainant has only made omnibus and general allegations against in-laws (petitioner Nos.2 to 5) without being full particulars about date and place that they have treated her with cruelty for demand of dowry. There is no specific allegation regarding them except common and general allegations. So far as Petitioner No.1/husband is concerned, there is specific allegation against him regarding harassment for demand of dowry.

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15. Considering facts and circumstances of the case, nature of allegation, submissions of the learned counsel for the parties, material/evidence available on record, particularly the FIR in which no specific allegations have been made and only bald and omnibus allegations have been levelled against in-laws (petitioner

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Nos.2 to 4), we are of the considered opinion that prima-facie no offence under Sections 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 of I.P.C is made out for prosecuting petitioner Nos.2 to 5.

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16. As a fallout and consequence of the above-stated legal analysis, FIR bearing No.453/2024 registered at P.S-Sarangarh, DistSarangarh-Bilaigarh (C.G.) on 08.06.2024 for the offence punishable U/s 498-A, 294, 506, 323 & 34 of I.P.C; Charge sheet No.475/2024 dated 11.07.2024 and the proceeding of Criminal Case No.1738/2024 pending before learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Sarangarh, Dist- Sarangarh-Bilaigarh (C.G.) are hereby quashed to the extent of petitioner Nos.2 to 5 (in-laws of respondent No.2).

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17. Prosecution against the petitioner No.1-Virendra Giri Goswami @ Chitu (husband of respondent No.2) shall continue. Concerned trial Court will decide criminal case pending against petitioner No.1 strictly in accordance with law without being influenced by any of these observations made hereinabove.

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18. In the result, present petition is allowed to the extent indicated hereinabove. No cost(s).

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Sd/Sd//Sd- S Sd/ (Arvind Kumar Verma) (Ramesh Sinha) JUDGE CHIEF JUSTICE

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Virendra Giri Goswami @ Chitu v. State of Chhattisgarh

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Virendra Giri Goswami @ Chitu v. State of Chhattisgarh

Case brief

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