Disposed

The Branch Manager Axis Bank Ltd. v. Khatu Shyam Trading Co. and Ors.

Calcutta HC23 Mar 2026FMA/210/2026

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Bank appealed against a single Judge's direction to refund prepayment/foreclosure charges collected from a borrower on a working capital facility. The Division Bench held that the borrower was a medium enterprise per its Udyam certificate and that the RBI memo of August 2, 2019 altered the position under the May 7, 2014 circular, making Devendra Surana inapplicable. It set aside the impugned order

What the court decided

AI extract

The Branch Manager Axis Bank Ltd. Vs Khatu Shyam… — Banking and Recovery | Calcutta HC (2026)

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23.03.2026 Court No. 12 Item No. 04 Sandip

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IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION APPELLATE SIDE

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F.M.A. 210 of 2026 IA No : CAN 1 of 2026

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The Branch Manager, Axis Bank Ltd. -Versus-

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Khatu Shyam Trading Co., represented by its proprietor, Dipak Kumar Sonthalia alias Dipak Sonthalia & Ors.

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Md. Supratim Laha, Mr. Arijeet Doss Mullick, Mr. Subhasis Pyne, Ms. Pallabi Sardar,

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Mr. Nilavra Sen

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…..for the appellant Mr. Atarup Banerjee, Mr. Arindam Sen, Mr. Saurav Basu, Mr. Rajdeep Pramanik,

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Mr. Sumik Biswas

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…..for the respondent no. 1 Mr. M. P. Gupta, Mr. Abhishek Sikdar, Ms. Moumita Dhar, Ms. Sahili Dey

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….for the respondent nos. 3 & 4. Ms. Suchishmita Ghosh

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….for the respondent nos. 4 to 7.

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1. Affidavit of service filed on behalf of the

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appellant is taken on record.

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The petitioner is aggrieved by the judgment and order dated January 07, 2026 passed by the learned single Judge. By the order impugned the learned Court held that the petitioner was entitled to get refund of Rs. 7,82,282.02/- and Rs. 17,70,000/- from the appellant bank and such refund was directed

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to be made within two weeks from the date of receipt of the copy of the Lordship’s order.

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The bank has preferred the appeal on various grounds. Firstly, that the circular of May 7, 2014 was not applicable. Secondly, the petitioner was a medium scale enterprise and not a small-scale enterprise. Thirdly, the learned single Judge failed to take into consideration the notification of August 2, 2019.

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Mr. Banerjee, learned senior advocate appearing on behalf of the respondent no. 1 submits that although the loan was sanctioned for a working capital facility, the respondent no. 1 was an individual borrower as the business concern was a sole proprietorship business. He further submits that a MSME is also exempt from payment of foreclosure charges and penalties.

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Ms. Ghosh, learned advocate for the respondent nos. 4 to 7 submits that the complaint of the respondent no. 1 was duly considered upon inviting the views of the bank. Upon consideration of the terms of the loan, and the purpose behind such sanction, it was found by the Ombudsman that there was no deficiency in service and the bank proceeded in accordance with the circulars.

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Upon consideration of the memorandum of August 2, 2019 which clarifies the position and the earlier memorandum of May 7, 2014, we are of the view the writ petition should be heard afresh on its own merits independently. The notification of May 7, 2014 was clarified by the notification dated August 2, 2019 which

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permitted the levy of foreclosure charges and penalty on any floating rate terms loan which had been sanctioned for the purpose of business. In this case, the respondent no. 1 had approached the bank with a request for sanction of credit facilities. Accordingly, the working capital facility was sanctioned in favour of the respondent no. 1. The terms and conditions under serial no.14 provide for prepayment penalty.

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Clause A of 14 provides that in case of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE borrowers), prepaying the loan amount from internal accruals / own fund and produce sufficient evidence of the same. 8) Clause B provides that prepayment premium shall be applicable as detailed in the column below, in all cases except A above. A above would mean in cases of Micro and Small enterprises (MSE borrowers). Thus, reading of this provision would indicate that Micro and Small enterprises would be exempted from prepayment premium under certain conditions, as per the terms and conditions of the Working Capital Facility sanctioned in favour of the appellant. The party has executed terms for working capital facilities. In this regard, clause 14 of the said terms described the prepayment penalty which reads as follows :-

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Prepaym A: Prepayment without any prepayment ent premium in the following circumstances : penalty

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*No.*	*Circumsta*	*nces*
a. *B. Prepayment p* *in all other circ* *including prepa* *sources/Takeove* *Bank/FIs.*	In case of Enterprises Pre-paying from intern Fund and _evidence of _ *remium sh* *umstances* *yment out* *r of Loans*	Micro a (MSE b the loan al accru produce the same *all be a* *(excludi* *of own* *by anot*	nd Small orrower). amount als/Own sufficient . *pplicable* *ng A above)* *her*
*Facility* *Type*	*Prepay* *ment* *within* 12 *months*	*>12 –* 24 *month* s	*>24* *month* s
Working Capital (On FB Sanctione d Limits)	4% + applicab le taxes	3%+ applic able taxes	2%+ applica ble taxes
Term Loan (On Principal Outstandi	4%+ applicab le taxes	3%+ applic able taxes	2%+ applica ble taxes
ng
*C. Notice for pre* 30 Business Day	*payment* s prior to the	renewal	due date
*D. Failed take o* In case of a failed right to charge the taxes on the total takeover charges.	*ver* takeover, B Borrower 1 limits sancti	ank rese % plus a oned as	rves the pplicable failed

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Prima facie, it appears that in the Udyam certificate of the respondent no. 1, the respondent no. 1 was described as a medium scale enterprise, when the facility was availed of.

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His Lordship relied on a decision in W.P No. 5521(W) of 2017 ( Devendra Surana vs. Bank of Baroda and Ors .) dated 12^th December, 2018 passed by a learned Single Judge of the High Court. It was held that, by the Circular dated May 17, 2014, the Reserve Bank of India had advised the banks not to charge any foreclosure charges / prepayment penalty on floating rate term loans sanctioned

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to individual borrowers with minimum effect. The Circular did not distinguish between individual borrowers who had obtained term loans for business exploitation or otherwise. This situation, in our prima facie view did not continue after the publication of the memo of the Reserve Bank of India dated August 2, 2019. The Bank had sanctioned overdraft credit loan facility to the tune of Rs. 5,00,00,000/- and term loan of Rs. 2,38,00,000/- lakhs by a letter dated August 30, 2024.

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In our considered view, the decision of Devendra Surana (supra) would not be applicable as the respondent no. 1 was a medium enterprise when the Working Capital Facility was sanctioned as per the Udyam Certificate.

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Thus, these issues need further consideration, especially in view of the circular/memo of the Reserve Bank of India dated August 2, 2019. The order impugned is thus, set aside. The writ petition should be heard afresh by the appropriate Court.

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Accordingly, F.M.A. 210 of 2026 and the connected application are disposed of.

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Urgent photostat certified copy of the order, if applied for, be given to the parties, upon usual undertakings.

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(Shampa Sarkar, J.)

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(Ajay Kumar Gupta, J.)

The Branch Manager Axis Bank Ltd. v. Khatu Shyam Trading Co. and Ors.

Case brief

What is this about?

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The Branch Manager Axis Bank Ltd. v. Khatu Shyam Trading Co. and Ors.

Case brief

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