Dismissed¶49

Md. Shamim Afzal v. State of West Bengal and Ors.

Calcutta HC13 Mar 2025FMA/291/2025

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Calcutta High Court Division Bench dismisses appeal against refusal to regularize a daily-wage casual worker of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (appointed 18.02.2009; no selection process; KMC recruitment rules not followed); Jaggo v. Union of India (2024 INSC 1034) distinguished, Uma Devi (3) ((2006) 4 SCC 1) referred; post reserved for SC/ST candidates; pay revision held not to be a promotion; appeal with CAN/1/2025 dismissed without costs.

What did the court decide?

No selection process was undertaken by the K.M.C. for grant of appointment to the post at which the appellant was initially appointed, and the recruitment rules of KMC governing the field were not followed when the appellant was appointed. ¶35

Md. Shamim Afzal Vs State of West Bengal and Ors. — Calcutta HC (2025) — LawSathi Research

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

Dismissed

¶49

Issue for consideration

Whether the appellant, engaged as a casual/daily-wage worker of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation without any selection process and outside the KMC recruitment rules, is entitled to regularization of service on the strength of long continuous service (over 15 years) and a purported promotion, notwithstanding the ratio of Uma Devi (3) read with Jaggo v. Union of India. +1 more

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Court's answer

¶35

Ratio / Principle

The benefit of higher pay given to the appellant during his tenure due to revision of pay cannot be considered a grant of promotion.

¶36

Key takeaways

Jaggo (supra) is distinguishable on the facts of the present case: unlike the appellants therein, this appellant's appointment is yet to be terminated, his appointment was not through a duly recognized selection process, and the post at which he performs his duties is reserved for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes candidates; his earlier attempt at absorption had failed and the rejection was not challenged.ratio¶44
Directing regularization would amount to granting appointment to the appellant, who does not fall within the reserved category, to a post which is reserved.ratio¶45

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

FMA 291 of 2025 (High Court at Calcutta; Debangsu Basak and Smita Das De, JJ.; judgment dated 13.03.2025): Appeal by the writ petitioner against the order dated January 13, 2025 of the learned Single Judge in WPA 2534 of 2022 refusing regularization. The appellant, engaged by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation as a casual worker on daily wages from February 18, 2009 without any selection process and outside the KMC recruitment rules, claimed regularization after more than 15 years of service, citing a purported Group-D to Group-C promotion and relying on Jaggo v. Union of India (2024 INSC 1034); alternatively, he sought the enhanced consolidated remuneration proposed for twelve contractual workers by KMC resolution dated October 23, 2019 (stated by K.M.C. to have been withdrawn by resolution dated April 5, 2023 without any financial benefit having been extended). Held: the pay-revision benefit was not a promotion; Jaggo is distinguishable because the appellant's engagement is yet to be terminated, his appointment was not through a duly recognized selection process, and the post is reserved for Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe candidates — regularization would amount to granting appointment to a person outside the reserved category in a reserved post. No ground to interfere with the impugned order; appeal and connected application dismissed without any order as to costs.

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Form No. J (2)

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IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION APPELLATE SIDE

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Present:

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The Hon’ble Justice Debangsu Basak

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And

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The Hon’ble Justice Smita Das De

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FMA 291 of 2025 IA NO: CAN/1/2025

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Md. Shamim Afzal

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vs. The State of West Bengal & Ors.

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For the Appellant	:	Md. Shahjahan Hussain, Advocate Mr. Mohammed Amin, Advocate Mr. Ghulam Muztaba, Advocate Ms. Mahjabeen, Advocate Mr. Prithwiraj Biswas, Advocate
For the State	:	Mr. Jahar Datta, Advocate Mr. Bipin Ghosh, Advocate
For the K.M.C.	:	Mr. Alak Kr. Ghosh, Advocate Mr. Swapan Kr. Debnath, Advocate
Heard on	:	13.03.2025
Judgment on	:	13.03.2025

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DEBANGSU BASAK, J.:-

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Appeal is at the behest of the writ petitioner and directed against an order dated January 13, 2025 passed in WPA 2534 of 2022.

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FMA 291 of 2025

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By the impugned order, the learned Single Judge, noticing that, the appellant was a temporary worker of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation refused to direct regularization of service on the ground that mere continued service in a sanctioned post over an extended period does not confer any automatic right of regularization. Learned Single Judge noted that, the appointment of the appellant before us was not in accordance with the recruitment rules of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) and that, the appellant failed to demonstrate that the appointment was through a legitimate recruitment process.

¶16

Learned advocate appearing for the appellant submits that, appellant is entitled to regularization due to the period of service that the appellant put in at the post. He submits that, appellant is working more than 15 years at the post. He also points out that once, the appellant was granted a promotion from Group-D to Group-C. He relies upon 2024 INSC 1034 (Jaggo versus Union of India & Ors.) and submits that, the ratio of (2006) 4 Supreme Court Cases 1 (Secretary, State of Karnataka versus

¶17

Uma Devi (3)) is not a complete bar for the purpose of grant of regularization. He submits that, the appellant is similarly placed and circumstanced as that of Jaggo (supra) and any event the ratio of Jaggo (supra) applies to the facts of the present case. Similar relief as extended

¶18

¶19

FMA 291 of 2025

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to the writ petitioner in Jaggo (supra) should be granted to the appellant herein.

¶21

Without prejudice to his earlier part of his contentions, learned advocate for the appellant draws the attention of the Court to a resolution of KMC dated October 23, 2019. He submits that, there was a proposal for enhancement of consolidated remuneration of 12 contractual workers of KMC. He submits that, in the event, regularization is not permissible, the benefit of enhancement of consolidated remuneration as extended to some of the other contractual employees of the K.M.C be extended to the appellant.

¶22

Learned advocate appearing for the K.M.C. submits on instruction that, the resolution dated October 23, 2019 extending consolidated remuneration to 12 contractual workers was subsequently withdrawn by a resolution dated April 5, 2023. He submits that, no financial benefit was extended to the 12 contractual workers as noted in the resolution dated October 23, 2019.

¶23

On the aspect of regularization, learned advocate for the K.M.C submits that, the appointment of the appellant is illegal and not irregular. Moreover the post at which, the appellant is working is reserved for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes candidates which the appellant is not.

¶24

¶25

FMA 291 of 2025

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Learned advocate for the K.M.C submits that, when K.M.C undertook to fill up post at which the appellant is working through a selection process, the appellant filed a writ petition. Such writ petition was disposed of by directing the appellant to make a representation for enhancement of consolidated remuneration. Appellant made such application but the request for enhancement of consolidated remuneration was rejected on the ground that, the appellant failed to produce any relevant documents. The decision of the rejection of enhancement was not challenged.

¶27

In reply, learned advocate appearing for the appellant submits that, the post was reserved for a Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe candidate subsequent to the appointment of the appellant. He also points out that, the Supervisor wrote several letters to the higher authorities stating that, the post cannot be filled up through Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe candidates.

¶28

Appellant was appointed as a casual worker of KMC on February 18, 2009 on daily wage rate basis. Appellant made several representations for absorption. KMC initiated process for filling up of the vacancy in 2020. Appellant challenged such advertisement by way of a writ petition being WPA 4681 of 2021.

¶29

During the pendency of such writ petition, the post stood filled up. Writ petition of the appellant was disposed of by an order dated August 4, 2021

¶30

¶31

FMA 291 of 2025

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by which, the Authorities were directed to consider the request of the appellant for absorption on contractual basis up to the attainment of the age of 60 years in terms of the policy of the State Government.

¶33

Pursuant to the order dated August 4, 2021, appellant made a representation to the Authorities. The Authorities conducted the hearing on August 18, 2021 wherein, appellant was called upon to submit all relevant documents in support of his prayer for absorption. Appellant submitted a written submission on August 23, 2021 with the Authorities. The request of the appellant for absorption was rejected by a reasoned order dated August 25, 2021.

¶34

Appellant did not challenge the decision of the KMC dated August 25, 2021. Appellant however, made further representation for regularization. Thereafter, appellant filed the present writ petition.

¶35

Admittedly, no selection process was undertaken by the K.M.C. for grant of appointment to the post at which, the appellant was initially appointed. The recruitment rules of KMC governing field was not followed when the appellant was appointed.

¶36

During the tenure of service, appellant was given the benefit of a higher pay due to revision of pay. That cannot be considered as a grant of promotion. Ratio laid down in Uma Devi (3) fell for consideration in Jaggo (supra). The Supreme Court noticing the fact that, the appellants before

¶37

¶38

FMA 291 of 2025

¶39

the Supreme Court were engaged in service which evolved beyond the nominal levels of part-time or contractual and that they were performing ongoing and core functions integral to operations of Article 12 authority and that, Uma Devi(3) (supra) does not intend to penalize employees who have rendered long years of service fulfilling ongoing and necessary functions of the State or its instrumentalities and that, Uma Devi(3) (supra) sought to prevent backdoor entries and illegal appointments that circumvent constitutional requirement, proceeded to grant relief to the writ petitioners therein. It also observed that, where the appointments were not illegal but possibly irregular and where employees served continuously against the backdrop of sanctioned post for a considerable period, the need for a fair and humane resolution becomes paramount.

¶40

Jaggo (supra) is of the view that, prolonged continuous and unblemished service performing tasks inherently required on a regular basis over the time transform what was initially ad-hoc or temporary appointment to a demand for fair regularization. It also noticed later pronouncements of the Supreme Court which held that, procedural formalities cannot be used to deny regularization of service to an employee whose appointment was temporary but performed same duties as performed as regular employee over a considerable period in a capacity of the regular employee.

¶41

¶42

FMA 291 of 2025

¶43

In the facts of Jaggo (supra) , the Supreme Court found that, the appellants were working as Group-D staff. Duties discharged by the appellants were also noted. In the facts of that case, it was found that the engagement of such appellants was not sporadic or temporary in nature and that, there was indispensable nature of the work performed by such appellants. In the fact of that case, the services of such appellants were sought to be terminated and further, appointments sought to be given through outsourcing.

¶44

In the facts of the present case, appointment of the appellant is yet to be terminated as noted above. Appointment of the appellant was not through a duly recognized selection process. Moreover, the post at which the appellant is presently performing his duties is reserved for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes candidates. Although for absorption made by the appellant once earlier failed with the appellant not challenging the decision.

¶45

In the event, if we are to direct the regularization, then we will be called upon to grant appointment to the appellant who is not falling within the reserved category to a post which reserved.

¶46

In such circumstances, we find no ground to interfere with the impugned order of the learned Single Judge.

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¶48

FMA 291 of 2025

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FMA 291 of 2025 along with connected application are dismissed

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without any order as to costs.

¶51

(Debangsu Basak, J.)

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I agree.

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(Smita Das De, J.)

¶54

CHC

Procedural history

How this case reached the court

AI extract

Order under challenge
Order dated January 13, 2025 in WPA 2534 of 2022 whereby the learned Single Judge refused to direct regularization of the appellant's service, holding that continued service in a sanctioned post over an extended period confers no automatic right of regularization and that the appointment was not made in accordance with the recruitment rules of KMC or through a legitimate recruitment process.¶15
High Court at Calcutta (learned Single Judge) · January 13, 2025
Prior proceeding
Appellant was appointed as a casual worker of KMC on February 18, 2009 on daily wage rate basis and made several representations for absorption.¶28
Prior proceeding
In 2020 KMC initiated a process for filling up the vacancy; the appellant challenged the advertisement by way of writ petition WPA 4681 of 2021.¶28
Prior proceeding
During the pendency of WPA 4681 of 2021 the post stood filled up and the writ petition was disposed of by an order dated August 4, 2021.¶29
Prior proceeding
By the order dated August 4, 2021 the Authorities were directed to consider the appellant's request for absorption on contractual basis up to the age of 60 years in terms of the policy of the State Government.¶32
Prior proceeding
Pursuant to the order dated August 4, 2021 the appellant made a representation; a hearing was conducted on August 18, 2021, a written submission was filed on August 23, 2021, and the request for absorption was rejected by a reasoned order dated August 25, 2021.¶33
Prior proceeding
The appellant did not challenge the KMC decision dated August 25, 2021; he made further representations for regularization and thereafter filed the present writ petition (WPA 2534 of 2022).¶34
Prior proceeding
As submitted by K.M.C.'s counsel: when K.M.C. undertook to fill up the post through a selection process the appellant filed a writ petition, which was disposed of by directing him to make a representation for enhancement of consolidated remuneration; that request was rejected for failure to produce relevant documents and the rejection was not challenged.¶26

Md. Shamim Afzal v. State of West Bengal and Ors.

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Md. Shamim Afzal v. State of West Bengal and Ors.

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

What the court decided

Issues for consideration

Cases cited

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Procedural history

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