Partly allowed

Vipin Nair (Ncb) and Anr. v. Gulam Mohammed Malik and Anr.

Bombay HC7 May 2012CONF/2/2008

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

The High Court upheld the conviction of the appellant for drug trafficking but quashed the death sentence awarded by the Special Court, ordering a replacement sentence of 30 years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine. The Court addressed the admissibility of Section 67 statements, dismissed procedural objections regarding charge framing, and held that the crime, despite being heinous, did not merit the 'rarest of rare' exception required for death penalty. The final sentence is contingent on the outcome of the pending appeal against the conviction in the Gujarat High Court.

What did the court decide?

Death sentence quashed. Appellant sentenced to 30 years rigorous imprisonment and fine of Rs. 3 lacs, subject to the dismissal of the pending appeal against prior conviction; otherwise 20 years and Rs. 2 lacs fine.

Vipin Nair (Ncb) and Anr. Vs Gulam Mohammed Malik and Anr. — Narcotics (NDPS) | Bombay HC (2012)

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

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CONFIRMATION CASE NO.2 OF 2008 WITH CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.582 of 2008

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CONFIRMATION CASE NO.2 OF 2008

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Vipin Nair Intelligence Officer Nacotics Control Bureau, Mumbai

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… Appellant

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Vs.

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Gulam Mohammed Malik r/o. Panzinara Shumbal Road, Patan, Baramulla, (J&K) (at present in custody of Yerwada Central Prison)

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Gurudev Singh Vora 104, Shivshakti Bldg., Opp. Kohinoor Building, Opp.Kohinoor Bakery, Ahmedabad Rd.,Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai … Respondents

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CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.582 of 2008

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Gulam Mohammed Malik … Appellant r/o. Panzinara Shumbal Road, Patan, Baramulla, (J&K) (at present in custody of Yerwada Central Prison) vs. Nacotics Control Bureau, Mumbai & anr. … Respondents

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Mrs.Revati Mohite – Dere, Addl.P.P., for appellant in Conf. Case No.2 of 2008 and for Respondents in Appeal No.582 of 2008 Mr.H.E. Mooman for Appellant in Appeal No.582 of 2008 and for Respondent No.1 in Conf. Case No.2 of 2008

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Mr.Aiyaz Khan for Resp. No.2 in Conf. Case No.2 of 2008 Mr.P.A. Pol, Public Prosecutor, for State.

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CORAM: A.M.KHANWILKAR & R.G.KETKAR, JJ.

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JUDGEMENT RESERVED ON: JANUARY 18, 2012 JUDGEMENT PRONOUNCED ON: MAY 7, 2012.

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JUDGMENT (PER R.G. KETKAR, J.): -

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This confirmation case as also the Criminal Appeal No.528 of 2008 arise out of the judgment and order dated 03.08.2011 passed by the Special Court (under the N.D.P.S.Act), Greater Mumbai, in N.D.P.S.Case No.60 of 2002.

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By that order, the learned Sessions Judge found Gulam Mohammad Malik (hereinafter referred to as ‘Accused No.1’) guilty for having committed offence under section 8 (c) punishable under section 20(b) (ii) punishable under section 31A of the Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (for short the ‘Act’) - for having been previously convicted for the offence punishable under section 8 (c) read with Section 20(b) vide Sessions Case No.01/2002 by the Additional Sessions Judge, Sabarkantha, Himmatnagar, Gujarat State. Consequently, the Special Court sentenced the Accused No.1 to death and ordered that he shall be hanged by neck till death. The execution of the sentence is subject to the confirmation of this Court. The Special Court came to the conclusion that no offence against Accused No.1 is proved under section 29 of the Act and accordingly, acquitted him of the offence punishable

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under section 29 read with section 8(c) and 20(b) (ii) of the Act.

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The Special Court however acquitted Gurudev Singh Vora (hereinafter referred as ‘Accused No.2’) of the offence punishable under section 25 read with section 20 (b) (ii) and 8(c) of the Act.

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The relevant and material facts that are necessary for disposal of the present proceedings are as under:-

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The Zonal Director of Narcotics Control Bureau (for short ‘NCB’) Mumbai had received a letter dated 13.01.2002 (Exhibit 45) from the Zonal Director, NCB, Ahmadabad, setting out therein that on the basis of specific information, the officers of his Unit had intercepted the truck near Shamlaji border. The driver of the truck abandoned the truck and ran away in darkness at about 7.45 p.m., on 12.01.2002. After couple of hours, the truck was brought to his office. As a result of search, 45 packets of Hashish (charas) weighing about 142 kg.was found hidden in the secret cavity of the cabin. As per the visiting card found with R.C.Book, out of 45 packets, 12 packets were supposed to be

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delivered to Accused No.1 whose telephone number was 3726970 (Res.) and 9820495399 (Mobile), and 18 packets (55 kg.) were supposed to be delivered to one Farukh whose mobile number 9820326450 was also written on the said visiting card. Request was therefore made for keeping the surveillance on the above two suspect drug traffickers and whenever found, they may be detained and his office may be informed accordingly for further action.

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On the basis of the information received, PW6 K.J.Sanchis directed PW2 Mohammad Shafi Ahmed Khan to keep discreet surveillance for monitoring the activities of the suspect persons and when available to apprehend them. On the backdrop of the above information, in compliance of section 42 of the Act, a note dated 13.02.2002 (Exh.52) was prepared by PW3 Namboodri, wherein it was set out that the intelligence received from the reliable sources indicated that Accused No.1, resident of Room No.6, Second Floor, Haroon Manzil, Plot No.149, Imamwada

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Road, Mumbai 400 009, is in possession of a substantial quantity of Hashish, a narcotic drug in his residential premises. The telephone No.3726970 is installed in the said premises

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which is occupied by Accused No.1 on rental basis. The substantial quantity of Hashish which Accused No.1 has in his residence, is likely to be removed in the morning of 14.02.2002 by him and will be disposed of. Intelligence received further indicated that Accused No.1 procures substantial quantities of Hashish from Kashmir and brings it concealed in the consignment of perishable items like fruits etc., coming from Kashmir to Mumbai and distributes the same locally. Intelligence received further indicated that Accused No.1 is the same Gulam Mohammad, who is connected with seizure case of 142 Kg.Hashish which was booked by the officers of Ahmadabad Zonal Unit of NCB on 12.01.2002. Attention was invited to the letter dated 13.01.2002 received from Zonal Director, NCB, Ahmadabad. It was further set out that after receipt of the said letter, necessary inquiries were made wherein it was revealed that Accused No.1 was occupant of the premises mentioned earlier where telephone No.3726970 is installed and the said Gulam is indulging in drug trafficking activities. PW3 Namboodri submitted the said note to PW6. PW6 Sanchis in turn, submitted the said note before the Assistant Director & Zonal Director, of NCB for perusal and orders for searching the

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suspect premises at an opportune time.

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After collecting necessary articles for effecting a raid, officers of NCB proceeded towards premises of Accused no.1 at Haroon Manzil. After reaching there, at about 07.00 a.m., they called two panch witnesses and after apprising them about the information, they knocked the door and after disclosing their identity they disclosed the purpose of visiting the premises of Accused No.1. They offered their personal search and also of panch witnesses. This was however declined by Accused No.1. After disclosing identity of the officers and the purpose of visiting the premises of Accused No.1, the Accused No.1 tried to shut the door, but the officers prevented him from doing the same.

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After entering the premises of Accused No.1, officers found one Kashmiri person by name Mohammad Ramzan Aralare, who claimed to be living in the premises of Accused No.1. A telephone in working condition was found in the premises. In the presence of panch witnesses, a systematic search was carried

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out. During search, the officers found that there was packet wrapped in a brown colour scotch tape which was kept in shelf

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fixed in a wall cupboard. The packet contained several balls of different size of sticky black substance. The small substance of the said balls was tested on the field testing kit and the test result indicated positive for Hashish. It was found that the weight of the entire quantity of substance was 1800 grams. The sample packets were sealed with signatures of panchas and the remaining quantity was also packed in another polythene bag, which was sealed and labled. The panchnama was drawn and the documents like diary, loose documents were brought to the NCB office. On inquiry, Accused No.1 disclosed that he had stored another 28 kg. of Hashish in the basement used as business premises by Accused No.2, situate at Matruchhaya Building, Mumbai. The officers decided to search the said premises for which necessary material required for testing was also arranged. The officers of NCB reached Matruchhaya Building and in the presence of Accused No.1 and the said Ramzan, called two panchas. They were appraised about earlier seizure and were requested to accompany the officers for carrying out search in the premises of Accused No.2. They met Accused No.2 and disclosed their identity and intention of searching the premises. They offered their personal search and

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also of panch witnesses, whereupon, Accused No.2 declined the said offer. A systematic search was carried out in the presence of Accused Nos.1 & 2 and the panch witnesses as well as employees of Accused No.2. The officers recovered two stripped nylon market bags. After opening the first bag, two large khaki envelopes containing one bundle each wrapped in brown scotch tape were found. The packets were cut open. It contained smaller balls in Jamun shape having sticky substance with deep odour. A small portion therefrom was extracted for testing. The test result indicated positive for Hashish. The samples were taken and were kept in brown paper envelopes. The envelopes were sealed and labeled with signatures of panchas. The remaining bulk quantity was also sealed. The other large stripped market bag was also opened. It was found that there were seven large khaki paper packets, each containing packets inside. After opening the packets, the officers found several balls in cylindrical Jamun shape having sticky substance with deep odour. After carrying out test, it revealed in presence of Hashish. The samples were taken and were kept in envelopes and the envelopes were sealed. Similarly, the bulk quantity was also seized. The total weight was found to be 28.030 Kgs. On

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completion of search and seizure, panchanama was drawn.

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The team of officers of NCB visited the residence of Accused No.2 in the presence of panchas. However nothing incriminating was found and accordingly, NIL panchanama was drawn. Statement of Accused No.1 was recorded under section 67 of the Act wherein he disclosed that he had started business with Accused No.2 and also disclosed how the transaction was entered into. He also disclosed how much amount was received as well as the amount which remained outstanding.

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10.Simultaneously, statement of Accused No.2 was recorded under

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section 67 of the Act. He disclosed about his family background, business, relatives etc. The statements of Accused Nos.1 and 2 were voluntarily given wherein they admitted their involvement in the business of narcotics. Accused No.2 disclosed as to how he came in possession of narcotics while dealing with the walnuts business and by coming in contact with Accused No.1. The possession and ownership over the seized Hashish was accepted by accused in their respective statements recorded by Intelligence officers from time to time. During the Course of

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Inquiry, the Investigating Officers also recorded the statement of Harjeet Kaur, wife of Accused No.2, Vijayraj Multanmalji Parmar, Vinay Mohanlal Jalan, etc. After collecting the evidence as also recording the statements of the accused and other persons, sufficient material was collected against the accused and accordingly, the complaint was lodged against both the accused on 02.08.2002.

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11.After filing of the complaint, the Special Court was pleased to issue process. The accused appeared before the Court and the charge against the accused persons was framed. The defence of the accused is of false implication in the case and both the accused prayed for acquittal. The charge was read over and explained to both the accused in the language known to them. The accused pleaded not guilty to the charge. The charge

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(Exh.2) was framed on 02.08.2004, which reads as under:-

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FIRSTLY – That you alongwith others known and unknown during period 1^st February, 2002 to 18^th February 2002 conspired to commit and/or abetted the commission of offences under the NDPS Act in respect of Narcotic drugs such as hashish and thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 29 r/w 8(c) and 20(b) (ii) of the NDPS Act, 1985 and within my cognizance.

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SECONDLY – That you accused No.1 Gulam Mohamed

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Malik in pursuance to the said conspiracy or otherwise, on or about 14^th February 2002 at Mumbai acquired, possessed, transported, stored 1.800 Kgs of Hashish, a narcotic drug, recovered from room No.6, 2^nd floor, Haroon Manzil, Imamwada, Mumbai and thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 20(b) (ii) r/w 8 (c) of the NDPS Act, 1985 and within my cognizance.

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THIRDLY – That you accused Nos.1 and 2 in pursuance of the said conspiracy or otherwise, on or about 14th February, 2002 and 18th February 2002 at Mumbai, acquired, possessed, transported, stored 28.030 kgs Hashish from basement at Matruchhaya Building, Narsi Natha Street, Mumbai and 159 kgs of Hashish recovered from portion adjacent to the said basement room of Matruchhaya Bldg., and thereby you committed an offence punishable under Section 20(b) (ii) r/w 8(c) of NDPS Act and within my cognizance.

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FOURTHLY - That you accused No.2 Gurudev Singh Vohra in pursuance of the said conspiracy or otherwise, on or about 14th February, 2002 and 18th February 2002 at Mumbai, being the owner or occupier of having control over the premises of basement room and also the portion adjacent to the basement premises, in Matruchhaya Bldg., Narsi Natha Street, Mumbai, knowingly allowed or permitted accused No.1 Gulam Mohd. Malik the same to be used for the commission of offence of storage of narcotic drug viz.Hashish and you accused No.1, thereby committed an offence punishable under section 25 r/w 20(b) (ii) and 8(c) of the NDPS Act, 1985 and within my cognizance.

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12.In order to substantiate the case, the NCB examined following

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witnesses:

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PW-1 Vipin Narayan Nair (Exh.8), the Intelligence Officer

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attached to NCB,

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PW-2 Mohammad Shafi Ahmed Khan (Exh.44),

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Intelligence Officer attached to NCB,

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PW-3 Namboodri Prasannan Shankar Narayanan (Exh.51), Investigating Officer, NCB, Mumbai,

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PW-4 Claudious Anthony Fernandes (Exh.55), Intelligence Officer attached to NCB,

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PW-5 Sunil Daulatram Chhabria (Exh.78), the owner of Basements B-1 and B-2,

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PW-6 Keith John Sanchis (Exh.79), Superintendent of NCB, Mumbai,

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PW-7 Vijayraj Multanmalji Parmar (Exh.83) having premises in Matruchhaya building,

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PW-8 Indira Dhondiram Kesarkar (Exh.84), resident of Jogeshwari and neighbor of Accused No.2,

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PW-9 Vinal Mohanlal Jalan (Exh.85) who acted as panch to seizure dated 18.02.2002,

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PW-10 Pradeep Kumar Bhagawati Dayal Bhatnagar (Exh.86) who was at the relevant time working as Assistant Chemical Examiner,

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PW-11 Mohammad Farukh Shaikh (Exh.90), panch to the second seizure dated 14.02.2002 in Matruchhaya Building.

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PW-12 Sanjay Bharat Kadam (Exh.91) who was at the

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relevant time working as Court Officer of the Special Court.

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13.In order to substantiate the case, these witnesses produced (i) statements of the Accused Nos.1 & 2 under section 67 of the Act, (ii) seizure panchanamas, (iii) Intelligence Note dated 13.02.2002 (Exh.52), (iv) letter dated 13.01.2002 (Exh.45), (v) Test memos, (vi) Chemical Analyser’s Report, (vii) Seizure report under section 57 of the Act, (viii) proceedings under section 52-A of the Act among other documents.

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14.After completion of the evidence of these witnesses, the statements of the Accused Nos.1 & 2 under section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, (for short Cr.P.C.) were recorded. Accused No.1 then examined defence witness Shamji Ramlal Dubey (Exh.97) who was at the relevant time working as a watchman in Matruchhaya Building.

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15.On the basis of the material on record, the Special Court proceeded to deliver judgment on 16.11.2007 and 04.12.2007. On 12.12.2007 the Special Court held that the Accused No.1 deserves to be convicted for having committed offences punishable under section 8(c) read with section 20(b) (ii) of the

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Act under section 235 of the Cr.P.C. The Special Court held that the prosecution has not established conspiracy between Accused Nos.1 & 2 with known and unknown persons during 01.02.2002 to 15.02.2002 for committing and also abetting commission of offence under the Act.

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16.The Special Court further held that the prosecution has not established that the Accused No.1, on 14.02.2002, was found in possession and having stored Hashish weighing 1.800 Kg in Room No.6, Second Floor, Haroon Manzil, Imamwada Road, Mumbai 400 009. The Special Court also held that the prosecution did not establish that the accused in furtherance of the conspiracy, being occupier and having control over the premises of basement marked as “B/2” and the adjacent portion of the said basement, knowingly allowed Accused No.1 to use the said premises for commission of the offence for storage of Hashish.

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17.The Special Court held that the prosecution has not established the first seizure dated 14.02.2002 of 1.800 Kg.Hashish, but has established that the Accused No.1 has acquired, transported,

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possessed and stored contraband of Hashish weighing 28.30 Kgs. and 159 Kgs. respectively. In other words, the prosecution has established second seizure of 28.30 Kg.Hashish on 14.02.2002 and third seizure of 159 Kg.Hashish on 18.02.2002 both at Matruchhaya Building against Accused No.1 only. The Special Court thus held that only Charge No. “Thirdly” has been proved against accused No. 1. The Special Court held that the Accused No.2 deserves to be acquitted.

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18.After this judgment, the prosecution brought on record previous conviction of Accused No.1 rendered by the Courts in the State of Gujarat for answering the question of sentence to be awarded to Accused No. 1 in the present case. As per Section 236 of the Cr.P.C., the prosecution examined PW12 Shailendra Jaiprakash Lodha (Exh.122) on 07.01.2008 to bring on record the previous judgment and order dated 09.03.2004 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge IV, Fast Track Court, Sabarkantha, District Himmatnagar, Gujarat State, in NDPS Special Case No.1 of 2002 thereby convicting Accused No.1 of having committed offences punishable under section 8(c) read with section 20(b) and section 29 of the Act.

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19.Pursuant thereto, the additional charge under section 31-A of the Act was framed on 16.01.2008. The plea of the Accused No.1 was recorded on 16.01.2008 and he pleaded not guilty.

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20.By judgment and order dated 06.02.2008, the Special Court convicted Accused No.1 for offence punishable under section 8(c), punishable under section 20(b) (ii), punishable under section 31-A of the Act for having previously convicted of offence punishable under section 8(c) read with section 20(b) vide Sessions Case No.1 of 2002 by the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Sabarkantha, Himmatnagar, Gujarat. Thus, the Accused No.1 was held liable to be punished under section 31-A of the Act and accordingly sentenced him to death.

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21.Accordingly, reference for confirmation was received from the Special Court (under the NDPS Act), Gr.Mumbai.

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22.Aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 06.02.2008, passed

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by the Special Court, Accused No.1 preferred Criminal Appeal No.528 of 2008. The said appeal was admitted on 09.09.2008.

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23.It may be mentioned at this stage that the Accused No.1 had preferred Criminal Appeal No.683 of 2004 against the judgment and order dated 09.03.2004 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge-IV, Fast Tract Court, Sabarkantha, Himmatnagar, Gujarat in NDPS Special Case No.1 of 2002 whereby he was convicted for the offences punishable under section 8(c) read with Section 20(b) & section 29 of the Act and was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine of `1 lakh, in default of payment of fine to further undergo Rigorous Imprisonment for one year. Aggrieved by that order, even the State of Gujarat had preferred Criminal Appeal No.1319 of 2004 under section 377 of the Cr.P.C., for enhancement of sentence. By judgment and order dated 24.10.2008 the Division Bench of Gujarat High Court dismissed both the appeals.

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24.Further, based on the law laid down by the Apex Court in the case of Mithu V/s.State of Punjab, (1983) 2 SCC 277, Indian Harm Reduction Network preferred Criminal Writ Petition No.1784 of 2010 challenging the Constitutional validity of Section 31-A of the Act. Even Accused No.1 had challenged the

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Constitutional validity of section 31-A of the Act by filing Criminal Writ Petition No. 1790 of 2010. On 23.06.2010 the Division Bench of this Court issued Rule in both the petitions and stayed final hearing of Criminal Appeal No.580 of 2008 preferred by Accused No.1 and the Confirmation Case No.2 of 2008 until further orders. Later on both the writ petitions challenging the Constitutional validity of Section 31-A of the Act were decided by the Division Bench of this Court to which one of us (A.M.Khanwilkar, J.) was a party by common judgment dated 16.06.2011. Paragraph 89 of the said judgment reads as

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under:-

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“To conclude, we hold that Section 31-A of the NDPS Act is violative of Article 21 of the Constitution of India, as it provides for mandatory death penalty. We, however, reject the challenge to the said provision on the stated grounds, being violative of Article 14 of the Constitution of India. Further, instead of declaring Section 31-A as unconstitutional, and void ab initio, we accede to the alternative argument of the respondents that the said provision be construed as directory by reading down the expression “shall be punishable with death” as “may be punishable with death” in relation to the offences covered under Section 31-A of the Act. Thus, the Court will have discretion to impose punishment specified in Section 31 of the Act for offences covered by Section 31-A of the Act. But, in appropriate cases, the Court can award death penalty for the offences covered by Section 31-A, upon recording reasons therefor.”

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25.The Division Bench held that, in the first place, the trial Court

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ought to consider whether in the facts and circumstances of this case, awarding the alternative sentence i.e. life sentence by reading down the expression “shall be punishable with death”, as “may be punishable with death” was possible. In view thereof, by order dated 29.06.2011, the Division Bench of this Court remitted NDPS Special Case No.60 of 2002 to the Special Court established under the Act to reconsider the issue of sentence as it has power to award the alternative sentence, viz., life sentence or death sentence. Accordingly, the Registrar (Judicial) was directed to send Record and Proceedings to the Special Court which decided the NDPS Special Case No.60 of 2002 at the earliest, and the Special Court was directed to record its fresh findings on the question of sentence, after hearing both the parties. This Court directed the Special Court to complete the said exercise within two months from receipt of Record and Proceedings and it was made clear that the pendency of the confirmation case before this Court will not come in the way of the Special Court in deciding the issue of sentence afresh. Pursuant thereto, the Special Court under the

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NDPS Act, Gr.Mumbai heard the parties on the issue of sentence and by judgment and order dated 03.08.2011

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sentenced Accused No.1 to death. This reference for confirmation was received from the Special Court (under the N.D.P.S.Act) Gr.Mumbai.

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26.We have heard Ms.Revati Dere, learned Additional Public Prosecutor. We have also heard Mr.H.E.Mooman, learned counsel for the Respondent-accused No.1.

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27.Ms.Dere, while giving outline of the case, submitted that on 12.01.2002, the officers of the Ahmadabad Zonal Unit of NCB intercepted one truck and seized 142 Kg. Hashish. During the seizure, the officers came across one visiting card. As per the said visiting card, out of 45 packets, 12 packets were supposed to be delivered to Accused No.1. Accordingly by communication dated 13.01.2002 (Exh.45), request was made by Zonal Director of Ahmadabad Zonal Unit to Zonal Director of NCB, Mumbai to keep surveillance on Accused No.1 and another. In that communication, residential telephone number and the mobile number of Accused No.1 were also mentioned. Subsequently, intelligence received from the reliable sources indicated that Accused No.1 had stored substantial quantity of Hashish in his

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residential premises “Haroon Manzil” and was likely to remove the said quantity in the morning on 14.02.2002. Accordingly, a note 13.02.2002 (Exh.52) was prepared and the same was submitted for orders for searching the premises of Accused No.1 at an opportune time.

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28.Pursuant to that on 14.02.2002, officers of the NCB carried out search of the premises of Accused No.1 in the morning and seized 1.800 Kgs.Hashish. When this raid was carried out, Mr.Mohd.Ramzan Karalyari was also present. Panchanama was drawn on 14.02.2002 (Exh.9) in respect of seizure of 1.800 Kgs.Hashish and the same was concluded at 09.30 hours (first seizure). After completing the formalities the officers left for their office alongwith Accused No.1 and Mohd.Ramzan. After reaching office, preliminary inquiry was made with Accused No.1. During the course of inquiry, he informed that he had stored another 28 Kg Hashish with Accused No.2, having premises at B-2 Matruchhaya Building. Accordingly, the officers alongwith the Accused No.1 and Mohd.Ramzan raided premises

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of Accused No.2 on 14.02.2002 at about 11.30 a.m. During this raid, they seized 28 Kg.Hashish. Necessary panchanama was

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drawn on 14.02.2002 (Exh.13.) (second seizure). The said panchanama was concluded at 15.30 hours on the same day. After completing the formalities, the officers came back to their office alongwith Accused Nos.1 & 2 and Mohd.Ramzan. On 15.02.2002 Accused Nos.1 & 2 were arrested at 14.00 hours and to that effect memos of arrest were prepared communicating the grounds of arrest. The reports of arrest of Accused Nos.1 & 2 under section 57 of the Act were also prepared. On 18.02.2002 Accused No.1 was examined under section 67 of the Act and he informed that he had stored another 160 Kg.Hashish in premises adjacent to B-2 of Matruchhaya Building. After recording his statement, the officers of the NCB alongwith Accused Nos.1 & 2 proceeded towards B-2, Matruchhaya Building to carry out search of the premises and recovered the contraband. The officers seized 159 Kg. Hashish and to that effect panchanama (Exh.24) was drawn on 18.02.2002 (third seizure).

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29.She submitted that the officers completed requisite formalities of

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taking of samples at the time of each seizure and forwarded the same for chemical analysis. After receipt of the reports, a

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complaint was filed on 02.08.2002. She submitted that in order to substantiate the case, the officers of NCB, panchas to the various panchanamas were examined. The Special Court held that the first seizure of 14.02.2002 at Haroon Manzil where 1.800 kg. Hashish was recovered, was not established. However the prosecution has proved the second seizure dated 14.02.2002 when 28 Kg.Hashish was seized from the premises of Accused No.2. The prosecution has also established third seizure dated 18.02.2002 when 159 Kg.Hashish was seized from the premises of Accused No.2. The prosecution has also established that it was Accused No.1 who had stored this contraband at the premises of Accused No.2.

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30.She further submitted that the Special Court followed the procedure laid down under Chapter XVIII of the Cr.P.C. No objection was raised by the accused during the course of the trial. Charge framed was not defective. Accused No.1 was given opportunity to cross examine and lead evidence. He has not shown that any prejudice was caused to him.

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She heavily relied upon the statements of Accused No.1

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recorded under section 67 of the Act. These statements by itself were sufficient to record conviction against Accused No.1. Notably none of these statements were retracted by Accused No.1. Alternatively, the evidence laid by the prosecution witnesses coupled with the statements of Accused No.1 under section 67 of the Act, clearly establish second and third seizure. She also heavily relied upon sections 35, 54 and 66 of the Act dealing with the statutory presumption about culpable mental state of the accused, from possession of illicit articles and as to documents in certain cases respectively.

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32.Ms.Dere invited our attention to section 34, 54 and 66 of the Act. Section 35 provides that in any prosecution for an offence under the Act, which requires culpable mental state of the accused, the Court has to presume existence of such mental state, but it shall be a defence of the accused to prove the fact that he has no such mental state, with respect to the act, charged as an offence in that prosecution. The explanation of section 35 lays down that the culpable mental state includes intention, motive, knowledge

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of an act and belief in or reason to believe an act. Section 54 provides that in the trials under the Act, it may be presumed

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unless and until contrary is proved, that the accused has committed an offence under the Act in respect of any narcotic or psychotropic substances among other things for the possession of which he fails to account satisfactorily. Section 66 of the Act, provides for presumption as to the documents in certain cases. In the instant case, Accused No.1 has not rebutted statutory presumption available to the prosecution under sections 35, 54 and 66 of the Act. Inviting our attention to the statements of Mohd.Ramzan and Accused No.1 she submitted that certain presumptions can be drawn and these presumptions are not rebutted by Accused No. 1. For instance, the statement of Mohd.Ramzan dated 14.02.2002 (Exh.46) where he admits that he was present when the officers of NCB came to the house of the Accused No.1 on 14.02.2002 and conducted search in the house. He was staying at the residence of Accused No.1 and he was present at the time of raid. He did not know anything about the Hashish that was recovered in paper packing from the cupboard of Accused No.1 in his presence. Accused No.1 himself admitted that 1.800 Kgs.Hashish belonged to him. He gave the said statement under section 67 in his own handwriting and further declared that the statement given by him was

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without any fear or pressure. In so far as the statement of Accused No.1 dated 14.02.2002 Exh.47, she submitted that Accused No.1 was dealing in Hashish with various persons. Accused No.1 started purchasing Hashish from various persons and also started dealing with the Hashish in Mumbai. He met Accused No.2 in the year 1999. He admitted that he had taken premises at Haroon Manzil on 11 months’ agreement through an agent on a monthly rent of `4,000/-. He took possession of that premises in the beginning of July, 2002 and that the telephone No.3726970 was installed in that house.

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33.Accused No.1 voluntarily and truthfully reiterated that 28 Kg.charas was stored at Accused No.2’s godown. Accused No.1 alongwith Mohd.Ramzan were brought to the premises of Accused No.2 at 11.00 a.m. on 14.02.2002. In his further statement dated 16.02.2002 (Exh.50), he explained as to how he brought 28 Kg.Hashish to Mumbai. In his further statement dated 18.02.2002 (Exh.23) he disclosed that he had concealed

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about 160 Kg.Hashish in his small room adjacent to B-2 and subsequently in his statement dated 25.02.2002 (Exh.32) he also disclosed the amount at which he used to buy Hashish and

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sell the same in Mumbai. She submitted that the statements are voluntary and trustworthy and at no point of time the Accused No.1 retracted these statements.

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34.She further submitted that the conviction can be based solely on the basis of the statements of Accused No.1 made under section 67 of the Act. Even otherwise, the prosecution has established the offence against the Accused No.1 through the testimony of officials witnesses, pancha and other witnesses. The prosecution has proved beyond any reasonable doubt the guilt of the Accused No.1 on the basis of panchnamas and chemical analyser’s reports etc.

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35.On the other hand, Mr.Mooman while giving outline of the case,

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submitted that basically the initiation of the proceedings and the procedure followed by the officers of the NCB is wholly illegal. He submitted that the officers of the NCB lodged complaint on 02.08.2002. Thus the case is instituted otherwise than on the police report. In such a case, the Court has to necessarily follow

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procedure laid down under Chapter XIX-B of the Cr.P.C. In other words, the Court has to follow the procedure applicable to

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warrant triable case. He invited our attention to section 244 of the Cr.P.C., to contend that when in any warrant case instituted otherwise than the police report, the Court shall proceed to hear the prosecution and take all such evidence as may be produced in support of the prosecution. As per section 245, if, upon taking of the evidence referred to under section 244, the Court considers for reasons to be recorded, that no case against the accused has been made out, which, unrebutted, would warrant his conviction, the Court shall discharge him. As per section 246, if, when such evidence has been taken, or at any previous stage of the case, the Court is of the opinion that there is ground for presuming that the accused has committed the offences triable under Chapter XIX, which the Court is competent to try and which in the opinion of the Court, could be adequately punished by it, the Court shall frame in writing the charge against the accused. Relying upon these provisions, he submitted that the charge has to be framed after recording of the evidence of the prosecution. Upon taking of the evidence referred to in Section 244, if the Court comes to the conclusion that no case against the accused has been made out, the Court for the reasons to be recorded shall discharge the accused.

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However, if upon taking evidence, the Court is of the opinion that the accused has committed offence, the Court shall frame charge in writing and proceed in accordance with law. However, in the instant case, the Special Court has not given any finding either under section 245 or 246 of the Cr.P.C. In other words, under section 245 of the Cr.P.C., if the Court comes to the conclusion that no case is made out on the basis of evidence on record, the Court has to pass order to that effect by recording reasons. On the other hand, if the Court is of the opinion that there is ground for presuming that the accused has committed offence, even in that case, the Court has to pass order as contemplated under section 246 of the Cr.P.C. He, therefore, submitted that in the instant case, the entire proceedings are vitiated, as firstly the charge has been framed before recording of evidence, and secondly, the Court has not passed order either as contemplated under section 245 or 246 of Cr.P.C.

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36.He further submitted that the officers of NCB have violated the

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mandatory provisions of sections 42, 50, 52-A and 57 of the Act. In so far as the proceedings under section 52-A of the Act are concerned, no notice of the said proceedings was given to

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Accused No.1 and the said proceedings were held behind his back. PW6 K.J.Sanchis who is immediate official superior of PW1 and other officers of NCB, ought not to have been member of the raiding party. He should not have been the member of the investigating team. In the instant case, the prosecution has not examined Mr.Muley, Special Metropolitan Magistrate and Rozario. In view thereof, the prosecution has not established certification of the learned Metropolitan Magistrate under section 52-A proceedings. He has submitted that the prosecution has not proved various panchanamas of second and third seizure. No explanation is forthcoming as to why Mohd.Ramzan was not arrested. The Special Court has disbelieved the first seizure of 14.02.2002 at Haroon Manzil. This adversely affects the second and third seizure and they are rendered doubtful. This also adversely reflects on the conduct of the officers of the NCB. The investigation carried out by the officers of the NCB, is malafide and cannot be said to be reliable so as to convict the Accused No.1. Mr.Mooman relied upon AIR 1984 SC 718.

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37.Ms.Dere countered the submissions of Mr.Mooman about

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following of procedure laid down under Chapter XIX-B of the

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Cr.P.C. On the other hand, she submitted that the Court has to follow the procedure laid down under Chapter XVIII of the Cr.P.C. As regards vagueness of charge, she submitted that the charge framed was specific and definite and did not suffer from any vagueness. At any rate, Accused No.1 has not shown any prejudice caused to him and at no stage during the trial any objection was raised about the vagueness of charge. In short, she submitted that the prosecution has followed the due process of law and has established guilt of the Accused No.1. In support of her submissions she relied upon several decisions to which reference will be made at an appropriate place.

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38.Before we consider the rival submissions/ contentions raised by the learned counsel appearing for the parties, it has to be borne in mind that the Special Court had initially framed as many as 4 charges on 02.08.2004 (Exh.2) and subsequently one charge under section 31-A of the Act was framed on 16.01.2008 (Exh.125). Out of four charges framed by the Special Court on 02.08.2004, he acquitted Accused No.2 of all the charges and

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convicted Accused No.1 only of charge “thirdly”. Aggrieved by this decision of the Special Court, the prosecution filed Criminal

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Application No.310 of 2009 for seeking leave to appeal under section 378(3) of the Cr.P.C., against Accused No.1 & 2. That application was disposed of by this Court on 22.04.2010. In the very first paragraph of that order, this Court recorded that on behalf of the applicant/Union of India, the said application is pressed only against Accused No.2. In other words, the applicant did not press that application against Accused No.1. Thus, the findings and conclusions reached by the Special Court on Charge Nos. “Firstly”, “Secondly” and “Fourthly” qua Accused No.1, have attained finality and the same cannot be re-agitated.

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39.By order dated 22.04.2010, this Court rejected the said application thereby refusing leave to appeal against Accused No.2. Thus, the findings and conclusions reached by the Special Court against Accused No.2 have also attained finality, as we have been informed at the Bar that the applicant/Union of India did not challenge the said order before the Apex Court.

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40.Ms.Dere, no doubt, tried to urge before us that the prosecution has established Charge Nos. “Firstly”, “Secondly” and “Fourthly” against the Accused No.1, as also the prosecution has

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established its case against Accused No.2. However, we did not permit her to reopen the said findings and conclusions. We have therefore confined this case qua the Charge No. “Thirdly” and the additional charge framed under section 31-A of the Act qua Accused No.1.

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41.We have, therefore, to consider whether the Special Court was justified in arriving at the conclusion that the prosecution has established Charge No. “Thirdly”. In order to prove the Charge “Thirdly”, the prosecution was required to establish its case of second seizure of 28 Kg.Hashish on 14.02.2002 and third seizure of 159 Kg.Hashish on 18.02.2002 at the premises of Accused No.2. In that the prosecution has to prove that on 14.02.2002 and 18.02.2002 at Mumbai the Accused No.1 acquired, possessed, transported and stored 28 Kg.Hashish found in the basement at Matruchhaya Building, Narsi Natha Street, Mumbai and 159 Kg.Hashish recovered from the portion adjacent to said basement room of Matruchhaya Building and thereby committed an offence punishable under section 8(c) read section 20(b) (ii) of the Act.

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42.In order to establish the prosecution case regarding the second seizure of 14.02.2002, the prosecution has relied upon oral evidence of PW1-Vipin Nair, PW2-Mohd.Shafi, PW3-Namboodri, PW6-K.J.Sanchis (all officers of NCB), PW10-P.K.Bhatnagar (Assistant Chemical Examiner), and PW11-Mohammad Farooq Shaikh (panch witness) who was declared hostile. The prosecution has also relied upon the Note dated 14.2.2002 (exhibit 11), panchnama dated 14.02.2002 (Exh.13), search and seizure report dated 14.02.2002 (exhibit 16) under section 57 of the Act, test memo dated 14.02.2002 (Exh.17) as also the report dated 19.02.2002 given by PW-10 Bhatnagar as also proceedings under section 52A of the Act and the statements of the accused No.1 under section 67 of the Act.

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43.PW1-Vipin Nair deposed that after completing the formalities

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relating to the first seizure, his team alongwith Accused No.1 and Mohammad Ramzan reached NCB office. He conducted preliminary inquiry with Accused No.1 regarding possession of contraband. During the course of inquiry, Accused No.1 informed that he had stored another 28 Kg.Hashish with Accused No.2 at his business premises situate at B-2,

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Matruchhaya Building. Accused No.1 also agreed to accompany him and other officers to the business premises of Accused No.2. He reduced the said information into writing and it was signed by him. He submitted that note to PW6-Sanchis. He produced that note dated 14.02.2002 (Exh.11) submitted for perusal and orders to PW6 Sanchis, Mr.Vijaydharan, Assistant Director of NCB and Ms.Alka Tyagi, Zonal Director of NCB. He then prepared search and seizure report in respect of seized hashish from accused No.1. That report was placed by him before his Superintendent Mr. Sanchis. He has proved the said report. He states that that report was signed by Assistant Director and Zonal Director. It was marked as Exhibit 12. He has deposed that, later on, he was called by K.J. Sanchis , Superintendent, in his cabin. At that time, other officers, P.S. Namboodri, V.S. Mulye, S.P.Singh, M.S.A. Khan and Ms. Kanta Tejwani, were already present. Sanchis instructed them to leave for the stated place immediately. He also accompanied with the said team. This witness has then deposed that they reached at the given address at around 11.30 A.M. On reaching the said place, two panchas were called and told that, in the early morning of 14.02.2022 (on the same day), recovery and

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seizure of 1,800 Kgs. of hashish was made from accused No. 1; and, on interrogating him, he had disclosed hat he had stored another 28 Kgs. of hashish with Gurudev Singh Vohra at his business premises at B-2, Matruchhaya Building. This witness then introduced his colleague officers and accused No. 1 to those panchas. The panchas were told that the police officers would search the business premises of accused No. 2 Gurudev Singh Vohra and the panchas should witness the said proceedings. The panchas agreed to do so. The witness then deposed about the events which unfolded on reaching the premises. It was observed that the premises were in the basement of the building having two smaller rooms adjoining to the bigger room. One smaller room was B-1 belonging to another person. The other smaller room was a part of B-2 premises. That was partitioned with plywood from floor to top and was having separate entry. This witness then deposed that the police officers and panchas stood outside the shutter of B-1 premises, which were open. They noticed one person was standing inside the room. He was tall Sikh person, aged about 50 years. He came out. The witness then introduced himself and the colleague officers, panchas, accused No. 1 and

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Ramzan to the said person. The name of that person was asked. That person was informed about the intelligence received and their intention to search the premises. Accused No. 1, who was accompanying the police officers, was asked whether he knew the said person and was he referring to that person as Gurudev Singh Vohra, who had stored hashish in the premises. Accused No. 1 replied in the affirmative. This witness then stated that, before entering the premises, personal search was offered to accused No. 2, who declined that offer. This witness has then deposed about the details after entering the premises. It was observed that the room was full with walnuts, empty cartons of walnuts and also sacks containing walnuts. A systematic search was conducted in which two nylon market bags were recovered. One of the said bags was smaller than the other. The smaller bag had a zip. It was opened and found that two large khaki (brown) packets with scotch tape were kept inside. The packets were cut open. On opening the scotch taped packets, two polythene packets, kept one over the other, containing small and Jamun shaped black sticky substance, were noticed. The second scotch taped packet was opened. It contained two polythene packets, kept one over the other,

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containing the same sort of substance. He has stated that, when the packet was cut open, a pungent odour emanated. It was also observed that one packet was wrapped with Urdu newspaper and another packet was wrapped with yellow pages. The scotch taped packets were having marking of yellow colour insulation tape. He has then deposed that all the ball- shaped and Jamun-shaped substance from four polythene packets were removed. The same collectively weighed around 1880 Kgs. He has then deposed that, as the substance was of similar nature, he took minute quantity from the ball and Jamun-shaped substance and tested the same with the help of field testing kit. It answered positive for hashish. He then sates that he took out small quantities from all the ball-shaped and Jamun-shaped hashish and prepared a composite mixture and gave three samples of 24 grammes each. The same were kept in polythene sachets. The sachets were collected and sealed and put in three separate envelopes, marked 'H-1', 'H-2' and 'H-3'. The contents of the envelopes were written on the envelopes and the same sealed with the seal of NCB-03. He had himself

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signed on the envelopes, besides the panchas and accused Nos. 1 and 2, respectively. He then deposed that the bulk

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remaining quantity was put in polythene packet. The mouth of the packet was tied with a knot and then put in carton along with packing material and smaller nylon market bag. The carton was scotch taped and sealed with seal of NCB-03. A label was affixed on the carton mentioning the contents thereof, which was similarly signed by him, panchas and both the accused. He has also deposed about the affixing of another label on the carton mentioning the contents thereof, which, however, was not signed. He has then deposed about having opened the nylon packet. The same were opened. It was observed that the same contained 7 brown sachets containing packets without any marking. He produced the property in Court while deposing before the Court. He has mentioned that the carton is not in original sealed condition, as proceeding under Section 52A was resorted to. He has stated about label having been affixed on the said carton by S.M.M. and panchas. The carton was marked Article 7. He then produced another carton, which contained packing material. It was also not in original condition as proceeding under Section 52 was resorted to in the presence of S.M.M. Label has been affixed on the carton bearing signature of S.M.M. and two panchas. That carton was marked

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Article 8. He has stated that the officer has signed the label of Articles 7 and 8. He then produced the third carton containing bulk quantity hashish. Even this carton was not in original condition, as proceeding under Section 52 of the Act was resorted to. The witness has deposed that S.M.M. and panchas have signed on the label affixed to this carton. The carton was marked Article 9. He then produced another carton containing a packing material in respect of the Muddemal Article 9. He has stated that label was affixed thereon bearing signature of S.M.M., officer and three panchas. Even this carton was not in original condition, as proceeding under Section 52 was resorted

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to. This carton was marked Article 10. The witness has deposed that all these cartons are bearing label and seal of NCB-03 and pertain to the second panchnama dated 14th February, 2002 regarding search and seizure from premises at B-2, Matruchhaya Building, Narsi Natha Street, Mumbai.

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44.In the examination-in-chief, this witness has given graphic

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description of the events unfolded during search and seizure, the presence of named officers, panchas and accused, as also about the procedure of sealing, including testing samples and

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preparing sample packets to be sent to Chemical Analyzer and of steps taken for disposal of seized contraband. He proved the relevant documents, including panchnama and also produced the contemporaneous record and muddemal articles in support of the second search and seizure procedure. He has deposed that test memo was prepared in triplicate along with the sample packets. The test memo was signed by him. It was delivered along with sample packets originally by one D.P. Rosario in Dy.CC Office. He has stated that said Mr. Rosario has left India for good. He has then mentioned the reason as to why said Rosario could not be examined by the prosecution. Further he has deposed about the fact that the bulk remaining quantity of the seized property kept in three cartons under sealed condition were deposited with K.J. Sanchis, Superintendent, under deposit memo acknowledged by him by putting signature on the forwarding memo as well as his letter. He has also deposed about the proceeding under Section 52-A conducted by S.M.M. and has proved the panchnama drawn in that regard by V.S.

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Mulye. The panchnama bears his signature, along with the signature of S.M.M. and two panchas. He has also proved the certificate issued by S.M.M. and produced 17 photographs.

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45.Turning to the cross-examination of this witness for accused No.

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1, in the context of second seizure of 28 Kgs. hashish, which is found from paragraph 34 onwards, in the first place, the crossexamination refers to the matters pertaining to the first seizure. We need not dilate on those matters. With regard to the second search under consideration, the cross-examination is essentially of giving suggestions, which have been denied by the witness. As a matter of fact, the scheme of cross-examination appears to be to confuse the issues concerning different searches. Paragraph 33 opens with the search and seizure report concerning the first seizure, Exhibit 12, but, at the end of the paragraph, question is posed regarding the note prepared by P.W. 1, Exhibit 11, which is concerning the second seizure. Then, in paragraph 34 of the cross-examination, the witness is questioned in the context of panchnama, Exhibit 13, concerning the second seizure. Suggestion is put to indicate that there was non-compliance of Section 67 of the N.D.P.S. Act. The witness has denied that suggestion and has asserted that search was conducted by full team, not individually, and the leader of the team was Mr. Sanchis, Superintendent. Suggestion was then

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given that the panchnama was drawn by the witness at the instance of Sanchis. That has been denied. Suggestion is also given that the Assistant Director telephonically told the witness to record panchnama. The witness, instead, asserts that he had drawn panchnama of the first seizure on his own. Putting questions with regard to procedure followed regarding seizure was obviously to confuse the witness. However, the witness has stood by his plea that the second panchnama was drawn after the search and seizure was completed. It was drawn at the spot, as is mentioned in panchnama, Exhibit 13.

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46.The cross-examination is then to discredit the panchas, as they did not know English Language. Suggestion is put to P.W.1 that the panchas were not independent. The witness has deposed that he brought the two persons, who were standing outside the premises, to act as panchas and there was no particular reason why he did not make detailed enquiries with them about their antecedents and acquaintance with any of the accused. The witness, however, has proved the contents of the panchnama and the procedure for recording thereof. He has further deposed that panch No. 1 explained panchnama to panch No. 2

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in Hindi, but the witness has reiterated the position stated in the panchnama that he had explained the contents thereof to the panchas. It was argued on the basis of the statement in the cross-examination that copy of panchnama (Exhibit 13) was not given to accused No.1 or Ramzan. The witness has deposed that, as per contents of panchnama, the seized drug belongs to accused No. 1, and he was present there, and, since the premises were belonging to accused No. 1, copy of panchnama was given to accused No. 2 only. Suggestion is put to this witness that, when he recorded the panchnama (Exhibit 13), accused No. 1 was not present at the spot, for which reason, copy was not given to him. This suggestion has been denied by the witness.

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47.The cross-examination then proceeds to ascertain whether the

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employees of accused No. 2 were present in the premises at the relevant time and whether they were examined. It was argued that non-examination of employees of accused No. 2 to ascertain as to who had brought the contraband in the said premises and the time and the date on which it was stored in the premises of accused No. 2 was fatal. The witness has deposed

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that he had not kept surveillance that anybody should enter the premises when the search was going on. This, according to the accused, was also fatal. On the basis of revelation made by P.W. 1 that it was not necessary for him to inform his superior officers about the details of what he had done on the premises, it was argued that the entire search and seizure procedure was replete with infirmities fatal to the prosecution case. This argument does not commend to us. It has come in the evidence that the superior officer of P.W. 1 was also present during the search and seizure. In that case, question of P.W.1 requiring to inform to his superior officer of events unfolded during search and seizure does not stand to reason. Even PW1 has deposed to that effect.

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48.Suffice it to observe that the cross-examination does not militate

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against the case established by the prosecution regarding the background in which the investigating agency decided to take search and seizure at B-2, Matruchhaya Building. It was on the basis of revelation made by accused No. 1 himself during the preliminary enquiry as noted in Note dated 14^th February, 2002 (Exhibit 11). The search and seizure report, as well as

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panchnama, which has been proved, also corroborates the evidence of P.W. 1 about the necessary procedure followed for conducting search and seizure at B-2, Matruchhaya Building, at the behest of accused No. 1. The cross-examination does not contradict the said evidence, but is only in the nature of suggestions of what other steps or precautions could be taken, which have been denied by the witness. The cross-examination by accused No. 2 also does not take the matter any further with regard to the factum of the second search and seizure. In other words, the evidence adduced by the prosecution regarding the second search and seizure at B-2, Matruchhaya Building on 14^th February, 2002 to unearth 28 Kgs. of hashish stored thereat has been established by the prosecution. The evidence also establishes that the said 28 Kgs. of hashish belongs to accused No. 1 and was stored in the premises of accused No. 2.

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Mr.Mooman criticized the evidence of PW1, firstly on the ground

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that the copy of the panchanama was not given to Accused No.1. Secondly, the statement of PW1 that other than Accused No.2, nobody was present in the premises, is factually incorrect

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as other witnesses have deposed the presence of the employees of Accused No.2. He therefore submitted that the evidence of PW1 cannot be relied upon and has to be discarded. Ms.Dere rightly submitted that the copy of the panchanama (Exh.13) was given to Accused No.2 and it is not the requirement of law that the prosecution has to supply copy of the panchanama on the spot itself. In fact, when the complaint was lodged on 02.08.2002, all the requisite documents including copy of the panchanama (Exh.13) was given to Accused No.1. She therefore submitted that no prejudice was caused to Accused No.1.

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50.In so far as other criticism made by Mr.Mooman that the employees of Accused No.2 were also present in the godown is concerned, nothing turns on that, having regard to the evidence of this witness alongwith the evidence of other witnesses. We find merit in the submissions of Ms.Dere.

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51.The prosecution has also relied upon the evidence of PW2Mohammad Shafi. PW2 deposed that he was a party to the panchanama of 14.02.2002 (Exh.13) recorded in the basement

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of Matruchhaya Building in the presence of officials of the NCB. At that time, Accused Nos.1 & 2 and Mohammad Ramzan were present. He recorded statement of Accused No.1 on 14.02.2002 (Exh.47). He questioned Accused No.1 in Urdu and he replied in Urdu. Further, Accused No.1 wrote his statement in his own handwriting and signed the same. In that statement, Accused No.1 has noted that on 14.02.2002 at 11.00 a.m.the officers of NCB seized consignment of Hashish in the presence of Accused No.2, his associate Mohammad Ramzan and that he was present in that godown during this period. He was informed about his right to remain silent and also his right to give statement if he chose to, which can be used against him or any other person in any Court of law. Knowing his responsibility, he gave the said statement voluntarily, which is true and correct. He gave that statement after having proper meals, without any fear or coercion and in physically fit and agile mind. He gave that statement in his own hand-writing in Urdu language which he understands.

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52.PW2 was cross-examined on this aspect. In paragraph No.21 of

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his deposition, he stated that all the officers of the NCB were

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busy in searching the premises. When search was going on, there was no interrogation. Two workers of Accused No.2 were helping the officers. He searched about 50 boxes. The contraband was found in the heaps of gunny bags and it is true that other bags of walnuts were placed to conceal the bag of Hashish. Significantly, the cross-examination of this witness by Accused No.1 does not extract any useful piece of evidence to belie the prosecution evidence regarding the factum of background in which second search and seizure was conducted and the events unfolded thereat resulting in recovery of 28 kgs of hashish consequent to the disclosure of Accused No.1, from the premises of Accused No.2. Besides, the evidence regarding the compliances of procedure for conducting search and seizure and of sealing the bulk quantity and of sampling has gone unchallenged.

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53.The prosecution has examined PW3 Namboodri (Exh.55). He deposed that on 14.02.2002 he participated in the search and seizure proceedings in Godown B-2, Matruchhaya Building, which resulted in seizure of 28.03 Kg.Hashish in the presence of panchas. Accused No.1 accompanied them to the said premises

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alongwith Mohammad Ramzan and Accused No.2 was present in the said premises. Panchanama of entire proceedings at the godown of Accused No.2 was drawn by PW1 Nair in his presence and in the presence of panchas. All the details of search and seizure were mentioned in the said panchanama. The substance of the cross-examination by Accused No.1 is about the search and seizure at Harun Manzil (first seizure). The cross regarding the second seizure are from paragraph 9 onwards upto para 13. He has deposed that they went to the premises of Accused No.2 where Accused No.2 was sitting near the table. Some workers were inside the premises and they were removing the shells of walnuts. The search was started and in between they all were introduced to Accused No.2. Then Accused No.2 was apprised about the search at the residence of Accused No.1 and the further disclosure made by Accused No.1. He has then deposed that personal search of the entire group was offered to Accused No.2 and he was informed that they wanted to take search of his premises. Accused No.2 agreed for taking search of the premises. In paragraph 10, in the cross-examination by Accused No.1 some hypothetical questions have been posed and not pertaining to the facts of the

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second seizure. The witness, in response has deposed that it was not necessary to take search of panchas and it is also not necessary to offer the search of the officers to the panchas. Then he was asked whether it was also not necessary to offer search of articles which the officers of NCB were carrying to Accused No.2, to which he has answered in the negative. This, however, will not shatter the prosecution case established by independent evidence. He then gave description of various articles lying in the basement. The contraband was recovered from the right side behind some sack and it was PW1 Nair who recovered it. He thereafter set out the steps taken for the drawing of samples. He also deposed that he did not make efforts to find out if the workers were involved in the search of contraband.

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54.Mr.Mooman criticized evidence of PW3 on the ground that the officers of NCB did not take search of panchas and also did not offer themselves for search to the panchas. He also assailed the evidence of PW3 on the ground that the said witness did not

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make efforts to find out if the workers were involved in the storage of contraband. He therefore urged that the evidence of

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this witness deserves to be discarded. We are not in agreement with Mr.Mooman. Perusal of panchanama Exh.13 in respect of second seizure indicates that the same was drawn by PW1 Nair. In the panchanama there is recital that when the officers entered the godown of Accused No.2, they disclosed their identity and the purpose of their visit to him. They also introduced panchas to Accused No.2. They and the panchas also offered personal search to Accused No.2, who declined the said offer. During the course of evidence, PW1 Nair also deposed that the officers and the panchas offered themselves for personal search to Accused No.2 who declined the said offer. We therefore do not find the criticism leveled by Mr.Mooman, is justified.

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55.In so far as PW3 did not make any efforts to find out whether the workers were involved in the storage of contraband or not, is concerned, nothing much turns on that aspect, having regard to the statements of Accused No.1 under section 67 of the Act, to which, reference will be made at an appropriate place.

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56.The prosecution has also examined PW6 Sanchis (Exh.79). This witness, after deposing about the facts pertaining to the first

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seizure, has stated that, during preliminary investigation with accused No. 1, he had revealed to V.P. Nair (P.W.1) that he has stored 28 Kgs. of hashish in the premises of accused No. 2, Matruchhaya Building. Such note was placed before him by Vipin Nair (P.W.1). He perused the same and put his signature thereon. He then submitted that note to his superior officers, who, in turn, also put their signatures thereon. The witness was then cross-examined by accused No. 1 in connection with the search and seizure report pertaining to Haroon Manzil (first seizure). Again thereafter, the cross-examination relates to the Note (Exhibit 11) pertaining to the second seizure. With regard to that, he has deposed that it bears his signature. Further, on the basis of that note, he and team of officers, along with necessary equipment, proceeded to Matruchhaya Building. They were accompanied by accused No. 1 and Mohammed Ramzan and raiding party. He has then deposed that, on reaching the premises, Vipin Nair, I.O. (P.W.1) called two panchas, and informed them about the seizure effected in the early morning and introduced two persons with them and requested them to witness the search. He has then deposed about the description of the premises at Matruchhaya Building

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and the other details as to the presence of accused No. 2 in the premises. He has then deposed that, after completing all legal formalities, search was conducted, as a result of which, 28.03 grammes of hashish was recovered and seized, with certain documents. On completion of search, the raiding party returned to the office, along with accused Nos. 1 and 2 and Mohammed Ramzan. Thereafter, Vipin Nair (P.W.1) prepared the report of search and seizure. He has referred to the steps taken thereafter and has corroborated the version of Vipin Nair (P.W.1) in that behalf.

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57.As regards the second seizure, with which we are presently concerned, there is hardly any cross-examination to discredit the version of the prosecution witnesses or to belie the prosecution case regarding the second search and seizure. The substantial portion of the cross-examination is devoted to search and seizure of Haroon Manzil (first seizure). Much emphasis was placed on the said cross-examination to discredit this witness, including to contend that there has been complete noncompliance of Sections 52 and 57 of the NDPS Act. In the present case, for the time being, we are analysing the

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prosecution evidence in the context of the second seizure. With regard to that fact, the evidence is consistent. There is nothing to indicate that the mandatory procedure regarding search and seizure has been breached. No cross-examination in that behalf is found. As aforesaid, the cross-examination regarding noncompliance of Section 52 or 57 of the NDPS Act is essentially with regard to the first seizure at Haroon Manzil. Any evidence pertaining to that event cannot be the basis to doubt the prosecution case regarding the second search and seizure at Matruchhaya Building on 14^th February, 2012. That evidence regarding the first seizure will have to be, therefore, ignored. We have no hesitation in taking the view that the crossexamination, in no manner, discredit the evidence of this witness on matters pertaining to the second search and seizure at Matruchhaya Building. Confusion created during the crossexamination in this regard, therefore, will be of no avail to accused No. 1. At the end of the cross-examination of this witness by accused No. 1, questions have been asked about the presence of persons in the premises at Matruchhaya Building when the police team had entered the premises. In response, the witness has deposed that, as they entered the premises of

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accused No.2, they found accused No.2, along with some other workers, in the premises. Those workers were there throughout the search and seizure. He has then deposed that, after tracing out the contraband, the statements of those workers were not recorded either in the same premises or by taking the workers to their office. He has also admitted that nothing prevented him from recording the statements of those workers. He has also admitted that it was necessary for him to note down the names and addresses of those workers. Even that was not done by him. He has then deposed that accused No. 1 did not take any part during the search. This is the only suggestion at the instance of accused No. 1. We fail to understand as to how failure to record statement of workers, who were present on the scene, can be the sole basis to discard the other substantive evidence whose credibility has remained unshaken. Having found that the substantive evidence brought on record by the prosecution was sufficient to record finding, one way or the other, on the issues of the second search, merely because there is minor discrepancy such as the number of workers present on

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the scene at the relevant time or that their statements have not been recorded, cannot be the basis to reject the entire

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prosecution case. For, the evidence of said workers would merely result in multiplying the witnesses ono the same matters. Suffice it to observe that there is hardly any cross-examination by accused No. 2 with regard to the second search and seizure at Matruchhaya Building, which will come to the aid of accused No. 1.

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58.The prosecution also relies on the evidence of P.W.10 Bhatnagar (Exh. 86). He was working as Assistant Chemical Examiner. In his evidence, he has spoken about his qualification and vast experience, including of having undergone training for analysing the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. He has spoken about the procedural requirements to be observed during the analysis. With regard to the samples received in connection with the second seizure, he has stated that the three sample packets were received in the Office of Chemical Analyser. Chemical Examiner Shri Varma allotted the said samples along with test memo on 15^th February, 2002, when the same were received in the laboratory. He identified the sample packets (Exh. 17). He has spoken about the fact that he maintains register for the samples received and

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analysed by him. He has stated that the three sample packets were received in sealed condition when he had seen them first. He entered details of those sample packets in his register. He has stated that he then started analysing the sample packets on 19^th February, 2002, and concluded the analysis on the same day. He carried out six tests on the said samples. He noted all the observations in his register. The counsel for the accused did mention that these notes were produced before the Court for the first time. However, that objection does not find place in the proceedings, having been taken before the trial Court contemporaneously. On the other hand, the Court has noted in paragraph 3 of the examination-in-chief of P.W.10 that copy of the notes has been supplied to advocate for accused and S.P.P. Be that as it may, production of these notes for the first time in Court cannot be the basis to completely discard the evidence of P.W.10, once the Court were to accept the report (Exh. 17) dated 19^th February, 2002. The notes would be useful to corroborate the evidence of P.W.10 as to the manner in which analysis was done by him and the basis for his conclusion / observation as noted in the report, which he was entitled to do as an expert witness.

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59.This witness (PW10) has explained and stated about the process of analysis in the examination-in-chief. One cannot be oblivious of the fact that this witness is an independent witness. There is nothing to indicate that P.W.10 had any animus against the accused or that he was deposing falsely for some ulterior reason. As aforesaid, the witness has explained the process of analysis. He carried out six tests. The details of those six tests are stated in paragraph 3 of the examination-in-chief. He has then stated that, after all the three samples were tested, it was noticed that it contained cannabinoids (THC, CBH & CBD). He has stated that all the six tests done by him confirmed that the samples were of charas (hashish). He has then sated that he tested the remnant packets and prepared test report and wrote it down on the test memo. Thereafter, one copy of the test report, along with the sealed remnant samples, were handed over to the Department from where the samples were received. He has then stated that he returned the samples to Department on 21^st February, 2002.

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60.Thus, it is noticed from the evidence of P.W.10 that he has

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supported the prosecution case that the samples of the second seizure sent for chemical analysis were received in intact and sealed condition. He himself had done the analysis of the three samples and made note thereof. He followed the requisite procedure of analysis by conducting six tests thereon. At the end of the analysis, he was convinced that the samples were of charas (hashish). He has noted the procedure followed by him in the books and register maintained by him meticulously. After the report was prepared, it was returned to the Department with remnant samples in original packets. He has also stated that the original packets returned were kept in another envelope and those three samples were sealed with the seal of Dy.C.C. and facsimile was affixed on the test memo. He has stated that he had written the results on the test memo (Exh. 17) in his own handwriting and bears his signature. He has proved the contents of the said report. He has deposed that the report bears the signature of Shri Mohan Kumar, Chemical Analyser, Grade I. While recording the examination-in-chief, it appears that objection was taken that the envelopes were found in open

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condition. After that objection, P.W.10 has deposed that Articles 11, 12, and 13 shown to him were the three envelopes in which

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he had returned the sample envelopes to the concerned Department. Those were in sealed condition. The description on the envelopes was in his hand-writing. He has stated that the said articles were received by him for analysis and, at that time, they were in sealed condition. He had opened those three articles on 19^th February, 2002 and put those articles in an outer envelope. He chose to rely on the original register where he had made entries and his conclusion from notings made from pages 162 to 166 of the said register. He had deposed that all those notes were in his hand-writing and bear his signature and seal of laboratory (facsimile). He has stated that the officer of the Department had also signed in lieu of acknowledgment of the sample packets. That was taken on record as Exhibit 87 (colly.) The witness has then deposed about the samples received in connection with the third seizure. We will refer to that evidence at the relevant place.

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61.In cross-examination, nothing material has come on record. The

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cross-examination has not been able to discredit the version of P.W.10. Even cross-examination of this witness is essentially to

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confuse the analysis work done by P.W.10 with regard to

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separate sets of samples concerning the second and third seizures, respectively. That evidence has not been shaken. Similarly, the evidence of P.W.10 of his educational qualification and vast experience has also gone unchallenged. There is nothing in the cross-examination to show that the six tests carried out by P.W.10 during the analysis of the samples were improper and not sufficient, much less any procedural flaw was committed by the witness during the analysis. The witness has maintained that he followed procedure mentioned in his examination-in-chief and in support also relied on the entries in the register and notes prepared by him. In the crossexamination, P.W.10 was called upon to produce rough notes. He, however, expressed his inability to do so. That does not mean that the entire evidence will have to be discarded or, for that matter, ignore the other contemporaneous record which was produced before the Court. He has stated in the crossexamination that the hashish found in the sample was a prepared product. It was prepared from a natural product. He has not mentioned in his notes that the sample was produced from a natural product. He has stated that, besides cannabis, there are many other flowers which are having a hairline growth.

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This cross-examination was to distract the witness and to make him agree that his observation regarding the conclusion reached by him was not correct. The witness has stated that he does not know whether the hair on the cannabi plant will look like a horn, nor does he know whether the same are very delicate and tender and could be destroyed easily. He has stated that fungus also is growth of the plant and it has its own quality. He has admitted in the cross-examination that he had no occasion to examine the fungus with the help of free agent, but he immediately stated that the product, which was received by him for examination purpose, was hard substance. He then

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admitted that hashish is a soft and silky substance when it is fresh and it dries slowly with the natural heat and air. He has stated that the substance given to him was not in air-tight polythene bag. He has then stated that he received substance in polythene bag, which was in sealed condition, and the envelope in which the polythene bags were kept were also properly sealed. He has stated that, as per the test memo, the substance, which was sent to him, was of sticky substance and

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of black colour. In his observation, he has mentioned that it was of a dark brown colour. He admits that, when he took out the

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substance from the packets, he found fungus on the said substance. He has admitted that whatever is not mentioned in the observation, it can be taken that he has not done that analysis. He has admitted that he did not separate the fungus from the samples. He has admitted that a mixed chemical can produce a larger result. That, by itself, is not conclusive. The line of cross-examination, however, does not take the matter any further for the accused. It does not follow that the analysis done

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by him was improper. In paragraph 3 of the examination-inchief, he has referred to the six different chemical tests carried out by him. It is not the case of the accused that none of these tests ought to have been carried out and that the result on the basis of such tests could never have been possible or conclusive. The accused could succeed only if it was possible to demonstrate that the result noted in the report - that the substance was charas (hashish) - was unscientific conclusion. Neither the cross-examination suggests that the tests, which have not been taken by P.W.10 during the analysis, would qualitatively affect the conclusion deduced by him. No such suggestion is given to the witness. The suggestion given to the witness that the report does not show the correct result, has

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been denied. The witness was confronted with the fact that he did not mention which colour he had seen when the sample was mixed with petroleum ether. He admits that he had not tested dropping of goad to find out whether the substance was sticky and blackish. A suggestion was put to him that whether observation No.3 by itself is sufficient to draw any conclusion to it, he has answered in the negative. He admits that has has not seen any matured cannabis plant and, therefore, cannot say whether the hair in cannabis is of dark brown colour. He has, however, explained that as no colour is mentioned in the test memo, for that reason, he did not mention the colour of the hair found in the substance, while examining under microscopic test. He has stated that the colour tests are suggestive in nature. That means that the same are not conclusive.

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62.This evidence will have to be considered keeping in mind the six tests conducted and as mentioned in paragraph 3 of the examination-in-chief, which evidence has remained unshaken.

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He was then asked about each observation that his observation Nos.4 to 6, to which he has replied. This evidence was assailed by Mr.Mooman that the witness has merely copied the steps

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from the text book and that he has not mentioned the details in his observations in the test memo. In the first place, the test memo is expected to contain only the final result. Secondly, the steps referred to by PW10 in paragraph 3 and the test carried out by him were necessary for scientific analysis. That cannot be the ground to discredit his evidence. He has very candidly stated that he did not write each and everything that the plate was smooth. Even the cross-examination on these matters, in our opinion, does not discredit the conclusion noted by him in the report. He was asked whether Charas, Bhang and Ganja are the products of the same plant and that possession of Bhang is not an offence. He has then asked about how products are obtained from the female tender of the plant and that the chemical properties in all the three products will be similar. Charas is sought from the flowers of the plant. He has stated that Charas is present in the entire plant. He was asked what type of test he carried out prior to two years and what chemical he had used. He has relied on the datasheet about having used blue B salt, chloroform, sodium dioxide. With regard to the Duquenois Levine test, he has admitted that only colour test will not be the conclusive test. He has stated that

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during the said test, chloroform should be violet; and in “fast blue B salt test” the colour of the substance chloroform should be purple red. He has admitted that he did not ask the officers how the fungus was developed on the samples. He admits that he did not mention the date of the test carried out as it was not his practice.

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63.It is noticed that the cross-examination is not specific to the facts stated by PW10 in support of the prosecution case. That samples were sent in sealed envelopes which were so received in intact condition in the laboratory. The same were allocated to PW10 for analysis when the envelopes were in intact condition. He opened the same and conducted analysis on the samples by carrying out six tests. He has mentioned about the details of the six tests conducted by him as also having noted the above position in his register. His evidence that the test results indicated presence of Charas (Hashish) in the concerned samples pertaining to second seizure has remained unshaken.

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He then returned the sample packets which were put in outer envelope and the remnant of the samples to the Department and those envelopes and remnant samples were identified by

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him in Court. The evidence of PW10, in our opinion, clearly establishes the fact that the samples of the substance seized during the second search contained Charas (Hashis). This witness has certainly proved that case of the prosecution. The other witnesses have proved the factum of search and seizure of around 28 kgs of the contraband substance from the basement of Matruchhaya building which was upon disclosure made by accused No.1 himself. Even at the scene of offence, the test results indicated positive of presence of contraband substance. The fact that the samples received for analysis were contraband substance has been established from the evidence

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of PW10. The opinion given by him was after carrying out due analysis and conducting six tests on the samples derived from the seized substance.

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64.Suffice it to observe that the evidence of PW10 is of an independent person and he has been candid about the manner in which he conducted the tests and his observations thereof. He was candid enough to accept certain matters asked during the cross-examination by the accused but those matters, in our opinion, do not impeach the conclusion reached by PW10 that

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the samples contained Charas (Hashish). The fact that he was candid enough to accept the suggestions during the crossexamination itself indicates that he was deposing as a natural and independent witness.

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65.The prosecution also relied on PW11 Mohammed Farooq Shaikh - exhibit 19 - (Panch witness in relation to the second seizure dated 14.2.2002 at Matruchhaya building). This witness was required to be declared hostile by the prosecution and was allowed to be cross-examined. In the cross-examination, he described how the search was carried out. He also described taking of samples and sealing of envelopes etc. Ms.Dere rightly submitted that though the panch was declared hostile, he corroborated all the official witnesses in material particulars. He identified signatures of Accused Nos.1 & 2 and he also disclosed that during the search, 28 Kg.Hashish was found in the premises of Accused No.2. He confirmed presence of Accused Nos.1 & 2 and Mohammad Ramzan at the time of seizure. He gave details about the carrying out of panchanama.

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66.Accordingly, the prosecution case with regard to the search,

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seizure, sampling, sealing and preparation of Panchanama is supported even by this witness though declared hostile. Suffice it to observe that this witness does not discredit the prosecution case with regard to relevant matters which have been established by independent evidence, which deserves acceptance. According to the defense, there was no basis of declaring the witness as hostile. However, from the record, it does not appear that any objection for declaring this witness PW11 as hostile was specifically taken by the defense and recorded by the court. The Court in its discretion permitted the prosecution to cross-examine their own witness. The fact remains that the witness has answered the questions during the cross-examination. Indeed, when the cross-examination by prosecution was in progress, the objection taken was with regard to the question posed during the cross-examination by the prosecution on the ground that the version would be hearsay and inadmissible. That objection was considered and rejected in order below at exhibit 90 dated 6.11.2002. It is, therefore,

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open to the prosecution to rely on such part of the evidence of this witness which supports the prosecution case. As aforesaid, on material matters regarding the second search and search

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conducted at Matruchhaya building on 14.2.2002, the witness has not contradicted the prosecution case in any manner. The defense is harping on evidence given by this witness to point out the flaws in the prosecution case such as workers who were present at the scene of offence, their statements were not recorded. Moreover, Mr.Pingal, who was working in the godown of accused No.2 and was doing work of all the other occupants of the godown of the said building and allowing outsiders in the area to sleep in the godown, has been let off by the investigating agency for reasons best known to them. This weakens the prosecution case. Assuming we were to examine this defense contention, the fact remains that by independent evidence, in addition to the statement of the accused No.1 u/s 67 of the Act, the prosecution has been able to establish the relevant facts indicating involvement of none else but accused No.1 in the commission of offence in question on the basis of the second seizure from Matruchhaya building on 14.2.2002. It will be useful to refer to the decision of the apex court in Mrinal Das vs. State

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of Tripura , 2011 ALL. M.R. (CRI) 3256 . Considering the exposition in paragraph 42, 44 of the report, the evidence of PW11, though declared as hostile witness, will have to be

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considered as a whole with a view to finding out whether any weight can be attached to it. Merely because the said witness has deviated from his statement, his evidence cannot be held to be totally unreasonable. The evidence of the hostile witness can be relied upon at least to the extent he supports the case of the prosecution.

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67.Indeed, the defense is justified in pointing out the evidence of

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PW11 given during the cross-examination by the prosecution suggesting to the witness that when the NCB officers contacted him for the first time, they had come alongwith Gulam Malik and Ramzan to his office, which fact he has denied. Relying on this evidence, it was argued that the question posed was indicative of the prosecution case on that point. Assuming that the question posed by the prosecution was avoidable, as aforesaid, the evidence of this witness – PW11, who has been declared hostile, can be looked into to the extent of the relevant facts established by the prosecution with the help of independent evidence to prove the “second seizure” of the contraband

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substance at Matruchhaya building on 14.2.2002 upon disclosure made by accused No.1. The minor aspects on other

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points which have come in the evidence of PW11 does not discredit the prosecution case established through the independent evidence. In para 11 of the evidence, this witness has admitted that he did not understand the questions posed to him in the examination in chief and has explained why he had deposed that the search of the godown was already taken. He has admitted that the search of the godown was taken in his presence and in the presence of other panch witnesses. In the cross-examination of this witness by the defense, relevant facts regarding search, seizure, taking sample, testing, sealing and of preparing Panchanama for which this witness was examined, have remained unshaken. The cross-examination does not suggest much less establish by preponderance of probabilities that PW11 is a got up witness. On the contrary, the defense by putting questions during the cross-examination has admitted that PW11 was working in office which had common entrance to the building known as Matruchhaya building and that he was present in his office at the relevant time.

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68.The prosecution has then relied on note dated 14.2.2002 at exhibit 11. As regards the disclosure made by accused No.1

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that he had stored around 28kgs of Charas (Hashish) of one Gurdev Vora (accused No.2) at his basement business premises situate at Matruchhaya building is corroborated. The note has been proved by PW1. This supports the prosecution case about the disclosure made by accused No.1 himself of having stored around 28 kgs of contraband substance in the basement of Matruchhaya building in the business premises of accused No.2. It is from the same premises that the contraband substance was recovered and seized during the search of 14.2.2002.

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69.The prosecution has then relied on the test memo at exhibit 17

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in support of its case that the three samples derived from the contraband substance recovered during the second search was forwarded to chemical analyser on 15.2.2002. PW1 has proved this test memo note. The test memo note contains the report of the Laboratory dated 19.2.2002 which has been proved by PW10 Chemical Examiner. The test memo, exhibit 17, supports the prosecution case that the three samples were taken from the contraband substance and those samples were sent in sealed envelope to the chemical analyser. The description of seal is also mentioned in this test memo. In addition, the prosecution is

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relying on the evidence to establish that the remaining quantity of contraband substance was required to be disposed of by following procedure u/s 52 and 52A of the Act. We shall deal with that aspect a little later as it is common to second seizure as well as third seizure.

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70.Suffice it to observe that the prosecution has been able to establish that during the second seizure, the contraband substance of around 28 kgs was recovered upon disclosure made by accused No.1 from the basement of Matruchhaya building on 14.2.2002 and that substance was required to be disposed of during the pendency of the trial in accordance with the norms specified u/s 52 and 52A of the Act. The Magistrate has certified disposal of the said contraband substance. That certificate is a primary evidence. From all this independent evidence, we have no hesitation in taking the view that the prosecution has established the charge thirdly against accused No.1 with regard to the acquisition, possession, transport and

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storage of the contraband substance, weighing about 28kgs of Charas (Hashish) from the basement of Matruchhaya building thereby committing offence u/s 20(b)(ii) r/w 8(c) of the NDPS

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Act.

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71.In addition, the prosecution is also relying on the statements given by accused No.1 during the enquiry u/s 67 of the Act. The efficacy of these statements will be discussed a little later as it is common to second as well as third seizure. Suffice it to observe that these statements will have to be accepted and can be therefore used against the accused No.1 to establish the charge for having committed offence under the Act founded on the second and third seizure dated 14.2.2002 and 18.2.2002 respectively. It is on the basis of the disclosure made by accused No.1 himself that the said two seizures of contraband substance weighing about 28 kgs and about 159 kgs of Charas (Hashish) became possible. On the basis of the said statement itself, the finding of guilt can be recorded against accused No.1.

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72.In order to establish the third seizure of 18.02.2002, the prosecution has relied upon the evidence of PW1-Nair, PW3Namboodri, PW4-Fernandes, PW6-Sanchis, PW9-Jalan, a panch witness and PW10-Bhatnagar.

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73.PW1-Nair has deposed that on 18.02.2002 he examined Accused No.1 and recorded his statement under section 67 of the Act. He scribed his further statement in his mother tongue (statement Exh.23). Accused No.1 in his statement informed that he has stored another 160 Kg.Hashish in 10 cartons in the premises adjacent to B-2, Matruchhaya Building. Accused No.1 stated that he procured the key of the said premises from one Pingal, servant of Accused No.2. He stored this contraband on the night of 13.02.2002. He expressed his readiness to accompany the NCB officers and to show the said place and cartons of contraband drug. He then stated that he had misplaced the key. PW1 immediately informed PW6-Sanchis, being his superior officer about the disclosure made by Accused No.1. PW6 called other colleagues viz.Rozario, Mulye, PW3Namboodri, S.P.Singh, PW2-Khan, PW4-Fernandes, S.V.Gokhale, Ms.Kanta Tejwani and J.S.Dubey. PW6-Sanchis appraised the officers about disclosure made by Accused No.1 and told them to proceed to B-2, Matruchhaya Building to search the premises and recover the contraband. PW6-Sanchis also accompanied them. Before leaving the office premises they also took kit bag containing weight and stationary etc. On reaching

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the said premises, Rosario called two panchas and waited outside the premises of B-2, Matruchhaya Building. Before entering the premises, Rosario introduced both the panchas to other colleagues as well as Accused Nos.1 & 2. He further informed panchas that Accused Nos.1 & 2 were involved in connection with seizure of 28.030 Kg.Hashish from B-2, Matruchhaya Building. He further informed panchas that Accused No.1 made disclosure about the storing of another 160 Kg.Hashish in the premises adjacent to B-2 Matruchhaya Building. Thereafter, Rosario led everyone towards the premises B-2, Matruchhaya Building. It was observed that there were two small premises on the left and right side of Matruchhaya Building. The premises to left hand side from the staircase pertain to B-1 and the premises to right hand side of the staircase pertain to a small room as referred by Accused No.1. Rosario requested Accused No.2 to hand over key of the premises of B-2 Matruchhaya Building. With the help of the said key, the shutter of premises B-2 was opened and all went inside.

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It was observed from B-2 premises that adjacent small room was partitioned with plywood from base to roof and there was no separate entrance other than which was at the staircase side.

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Rosario broke open the lock on the shutter of the adjacent premises. The said small premises was admeasuring about 50 sq.ft. There was no light in the said room. With the help of the torch light the search of the said room was taken. Since there was no place and light to open the cartons in that room, all the cartons were taken out from that room and were kept in B-2 premises. There were in all 10 cartons with the marking “chinal walnuts”.

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74.Rosario asked Accused No.1 as to whether he was referring to the same cartons, which he answered in the affirmative. He thereafter described recovery of 159 Kg.Hashish in the 10 packets and 21 samples were drawn and markings were given on the envelopes on the sample packets. The cartons were marked serially and thereafter panchanama (Exh.24) was drawn. PW1 also tendered 52A proceedings dated 14.05.2003 alongwith certification by Special Metropolitan Magistrate (Exh.30 collectively). He tendered 10 S.M.M. sample packets drawn from 10 cartons in the presence of S.M.M. and panchas. He also tendered 60 photographs drawn in the course of proceedings taken out under section 52-A. The said

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photographs were signed by the S.M.M. with a seal.

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75.In the cross-examination, he deposed that for one or two hours

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he interrogated the Accused No.1 before they decided to go for second raid. He learnt from the statement of Accused No.1 that there was one worker by name Pingal, employed by Accused No.2 and that the contraband in the godown as well as in the adjoining premises of Accused No.2 was stored with the help of Pingal. He learnt that 28 Kg.Hashish was kept in the godown without knowledge of Accused No.2 and that even in respect of further quantities viz.159 Kg.Hashish found from the adjoining premises of godown of Accused No.2, he was not aware that the said contraband was kept there. He did not make efforts to find out Mr.Pingal and on 18.02.2002 they did not make inquiry of Pingal. When they had gone to premises of Accused No.2 on 18.02.2002, the premises was in a locked condition. He opened the godown of Accused No.2. According to him Pingal could be an important witness in the case. He could not say if Pingal could be accused in this case, since he had stored contraband behind back of Accused No.2. He admitted that it was not mentioned in the complaint that Pingal was wanted for

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interrogation.

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76.As regards the third seizure of the contraband weighing around 159 kgs from Matruchhaya building on 18.2.2002, there is hardly any cross-examination of PW1 on that point. The crossexamination is found in paragraph 64. Rest of the crossexamination is a general cross-examination with regard to other matters spoken by PW1 in his examination in chief. The crossexamination with regard to the third seizure proceeds that on 18.2.2002, in the afternoon, the witness learnt that there was some contraband in the premises adjacent to the godown of accused No.2 which was raided on the earlier occasion. Mr.Sanchis, the superior officer of PW1, decided to go for further raid. At about 4pm, the raiding team proceeded from the office of PW1 for reaching the destination. Then question is posed with regard to whether the witness had occasion to see accused No.1 while he was in Azad Maidan police lock-up between the nights of 15^th , 16^th and 17^th February, 2002 and during the day time were brought in NCB. The witness has stated that he had seen the accused No.1 for the first time in the afternoon of 18.2.2002 and at the same time saw accused No.2 for about

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one or two hours. He interrogated accused No.1 before the team had decided to go for second raid. These questions in the cross-examination have nothing to do with the third seizure under consideration. This is how the cross-examination of PW1 proceeds. He was asked whether he remembers of having visited Azad Maidan lock-up to bring both the accused in the NCB. He has stated that he only interrogated accused No.1 when brought in NCB office and while his statement was recorded, the accused No.1 was under his gaze in his office itself.

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77.The cross-examination on other matters does not impair the evidence given by PW1 about the relevant facts that during the enquiry, it is accused No.1, who disclosed the factum of having stored contraband substance weighing around 159 kgs in the Matruchhaya building and on the basis of that disclosure, it was decided to conduct raid on 18.2.2002 itself. During the said raid after search, the contraband substance was found concealed in cartons. The same were removed and tested on the site itself which indicated the presence of Charas (Hashish). Therefore, samples were taken thereof on the spot and sealed under

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Panchanama. The said samples were sent for chemical examination and the report received from the chemical analyser was positive of Charas (Hashis). The evidence regarding these facts deposed by PW1 have remained unshaken. The crossexamination on other matters is only to create confusion. The substantial cross-examination is devoted to first and second seizure. Thus, the evidence of PW1 with regard to the third seizure deserves acceptance.

¶314

78.The prosecution examined PW3-Namboodri. He deposed that on 18.02.2002 he participated in search and seizure proceedings at Matruchhaya Building, which resulted in seizure of 159 Kg.Hashish from the room adjacent to godown B-2 of Matruchhaya Building of Accused No.2. Accused Nos.1 & 2 both were present at the time of seizure. Search and seizure was conducted in the presence of panchas and the panchanama was drawn by Mr.D.P.Rosario in his presence. He deposed that Rosario has resigned from NCB service and settled down in New Zealand. In the cross-examination, he deposed that he did not inquire near the premises of Accused No.2 as to whether there was any other premises belonging to either Accused No.1

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or Accused No.2 and whether further contraband was concealed by anyone of them in the said premises. As per his job, he was to accompany with superior officers and search the premises on 18.02.2002. He carried out search of the premises on 18.02.2002. He then went on to describe the premises. He denied the suggestion that no search of any premises was conducted in his presence and that no contraband was seized in his presence on 18.02.2002. He further denied suggestion that Accused Nos.1 & 2 were in the office of NCB throughout the day on 18.02.2002. He also denied that no seizure of 159 Kg.Hashish was effected in Matruchhaya Building.

¶317

79. Notably, the cross-examination from paragraph 4 onwards till paragraph 12 pertains to the intelligence received from Ahmedabad and thereafter conducting the first seizure at Haroon Manzil. The cross-examination from paragraph 13 onwards generally deals with the search and seizure of the business premises belonging to accused No. 2, which obviously pertain to the second seizure. With regard to the third seizure, which is under consideration, the cross-examination is found in paragraphs 15 and 16 by accused No. 1 and paragraph 18 by

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accused No. 2. In this cross-examination, there is nothing to discredit the facts deposed by him with regard to the third seizure resulting in recovery of contraband substance to the extent of 159 Kgs. from adjacent to Godown B-2 of Matruchhaya Building of accused No. 2. The fact that P.W. 3 was not concerned with the investigation of the case till 18^th February, 2002 is no reason to assume that he did not form part of the raiding team and was party to the search and seizure pertaining to the third seizure under consideration. There is no reason to doubt the presence of P.W. 3 during the said search and seizure. The cross-examination on other matters does not take the matter any further for accused No. 1.

¶320

80.The prosecution has examined PW4 – Fernandes (Exh.55) who

¶321

was at the relevant time working as intelligence officer of NCB, Mumbai. He deposed that on 18.02.2002 he participated in the search and seizure at B-2, Matruchhaya Building alongwith other officers. Both the accused and panchas were also present. 10 walnuts boxes having marking “Chinal Walnuts” were recovered from inside. Scotched taped packets were found. In those scotched taped packets ball shaped substance was found.

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The contents were tested on drug testing kit and it was positive for Hashish. Mr.Rosario drew panchanama of recovery of 159 Kg.Hashish and all the events were set out in the said panchanama. He was present at the time of drawing of panchanama and the same was recorded in his presence. It was signed by Rosario and the panchas. In the crossexamination, he deposed that the statement (Exh.71) of Accused No.2 referred to seizure of 160 Kg.Hashish in a small room adjacent to B-2 Matruchhaya Building. Accused No.2 was not aware who had stored 160 Kg.Hashish in his godown. As per the said statement, key of the premises from which 160 Kg.Hashish was seized was with employee of Accused No.2 by name Pingal. He agreed that Mr.Pingal should have been interrogated and that he was not the Investigating Officer. He denied that Mr.Pingal was not residing in the godown from which 160 Kg.Hashish was recovered.

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81.In the cross-examination with regard to the third seizure by accused No. 1, P.W.4 has deposed that the seizure of 160 Kgs.

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of hashish was made from a small room adjacent to B-2 Building, as noted in the statement, Exh. 71. Accused No. 2

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was not aware who had stored the said contraband substance in his godown. According to accused No. 2, the key of the said premises was with his employee, Mr. Pingal, and he should have been interrogated. In the cross-examination by the accused with reference to statement (Exh. 71) of accused No. 2 dated 18^th February, 2002, he has stated that accused No. 2 was taken to his shop premises, but the servant was not available. That fact has been noted in the panchnama dated 18^th February, 2002. He admits that he did not question accused No. 2 regarding the whereabouts of his servant after reaching NCB Office. He, however, has offered explanation that he did not do so, as he was not the Investigating Officer. He stated that he was not aware that accused No. 2 had number of servants. As he had referred only to one servant, he was asked the name of the servant. Accused No. 2 disclosed the name of the servant as Pingal. He has denied that panchnama drawn at the premises was dictated by accused No. 2. He has asserted that he was present at the time of drawing of panchnama. Nothing

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has come out in the cross-examination by accused No. 1 to discredit the facts asserted by P.W.4 regarding the background in which the raid was conducted on 18^th February, 2002 and

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during the search, contraband substance weighing around 159 Kgs. was seized upon disclosure made by accused No. 1. Even the cross-examination by accused No. 2 does not take the mater any further for accused No. 1.

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82.The prosecution also examined PW6-K.J.Sanchis (Exh.29) who was at the relevant time working as Superintendent, NCB, Mumbai. He deposed that on the basis of statement given by Accused No.1 on 18.02.2002, the premises adjacent to B-2 Matruchhaya Building, which was locked was broke open. Search was carried out in the premises of Accused Nos.1 & 2 and 159 Kg.Hashish was recovered and seized under the panchanama. The report of search and seizure was prepared and put up by the Intelligence officer Mr.Rosario. He was shown report (Exh.25) and he deposed that the report is the same. It also bore his signature. The seized articles were brought to the office and were deposited with him as he was custodian of the warehouse. The deposition was done against the letter issued by the Intelligence Officer Mr.Rosario.

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83.On a bare reading of cross-examination of PW6, it appears that

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there is no specific cross-examination with regard to the facts stated by this witness in examination in chief with regard to the third seizure. The cross-examination with regard to the seizure from Matruchhaya building – second as well as third – general questions have been posed which have been answered by this witness. In other words, the facts deposed by PW6 with regard to the raid which was conducted for effecting third seizure has remained unchallenged. The events that unfolded during such raid including of search and seizure of 159 kgs of contraband substance therefrom and of testing the substance on the site which indicated positive of presence of Charas (Hashish) as also of taking out samples and sealing of samples has not been shaken at all. As aforesaid, the substantial part of the crossexamination is with regard to the other matters and more focussed on the discrepancies pertaining to the first seizure at Harun Manzil. That is not in issue before us. In the general cross-examination, PW6 has denied the suggestion that no contraband was recovered at the instance of Accused No.1 from the premises of Accused No.2 and that he alongwith his colleagues have filed false cases against Accused Nos.1 & 2. He admitted that he did not submit his report to his superior

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officer, after coming to the office of NCB after effecting the raid. At the same time, he has stated that he was reporting to head office on day to day basis. It is however material to note that the Intelligence Officer Rosario had submitted report dated 19.02.2002 as regards search and seizure under section 57 of the Act. This was placed before PW6-Sanchis and thereafter before Vijaydharan, Assistant Director and finally Smt.Alka Tyagi, Zonal Director of NCB. He admitted that the contraband came to the godown of Accused No.2 without his knowledge. The said fact was revealed from the investigation papers. The contraband found under the second seizure at Matruchhaya Building also came there without knowledge of Accused No.2. He did not recollect as to whether Accused No.2 retracted his statement. It transpired in the investigation that the person by name Pingal was instrumental in facilitating storage of contraband in Matruchhaya Building and the said fact was brought to his notice on 18.02.2002. He did not instruct his officers to examine Pingal. In the NCB office they have maintained the godown for keeping the seized articles. They have also maintained the register for mentioning incoming and outgoing contraband. He denied that once the article goes from

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the godown, it can be tampered. As per the records, the samples were also kept in the godown.

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84.The prosecution also examined PW9- Vijay Mohanlal Jalan (Exh.85), panch witness to the seizure of 18.02.2002. PW9 deposed that Mr.Rosario explained him the reason for calling him i.e. for drawing the panchanama. Rosario and the team of officers was introduced to PW9. He also introduced Accused No.1 and gave background of Accused Nos.1 & 2. He was also informed that the boxes were kept in the godown of Accused No.2 through his employees. The keys of godown were handed

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over by Accused No.2 to the officer who was present there. There was a separate portion of wooden in the godown, which was found locked. Accused No.1 told them that he did not have keys. Accused No.1 admitted that in the absence of Accused No.2 he had kept 10 cartons in the premises of Accused No.2. As Accused No.1 told that he had lost keys, officer asked Accused No.2 to give another key, whereupon Accused No.2 told him that there was only one key. The officers thereafter

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broke opened the lock and it was found that there was small staircase leading to that room. There was no electric light in the

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said room. The officers with the help of torch saw the room from inside. PW9 saw some cartons that were lying there. The officers started opening the cartons one by one and in each carton, there were packets. The officers then opened these packets and found black sticky substance. With the help of kit substance was tested and thereafter the officers carried out the sampling process.

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85.With reference to the case made out by P.W. 1 in the examination-in-chief, it was argued that, although Rosario, who was member of the raiding team and had interacted with P.W.9 while introducing himself and other officers of the raiding team, the said Rosario was not examined. It has come in evidence of other official witnesses that Rosario was not available, as he had shifted to New Zealand for the good. Besides, the official witnesses have deposed about the material facts in their evidence regarding the background in which the raid for third seizure was conducted, non-examination of Rosario was not fatal to the prosecution case. It was then contended that Rosario made disclosures to P.W. 9 as stated by him as to what was his source of information about those facts referred to in

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paragraph 1 of the examination-in-chief. This argument has been rightly repelled by the prosecution on the argument that the statement of accused No. 1 under Section 67 of the N.D.P.S. Act was recorded on 18^th February, 2002 by P.W. 1. Moreover, the raiding team was aware about the previous raid (second seizure) on Matruchhaya Building conducted on 14^th February, 2002. The facts stated by P.W. 9 are founded on the disclosure made by accused No. 1 in his statement recorded on 18^th February, 2002, which was apprised to P.W. 9, being panch witness.

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86.The defence counsel had argued as to how the keys of the premises from accused No. 1 was demanded when he had already informed that he had lost the keys. That statement, however, cannot be the basis to discredit the entire evidence regarding the events unfolded during the raid not only stated by P.W. 9, but also other official witnesses. It is also noticed that

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question was posed to P.W.9 in the examination-in-chief as to whether accused Nos. 1 and 2, who were present at the scene at the time of raid, stated anything to P.W. 9 after the narration given by officer Rosario. This question was objected by the

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counsel for accused No. 1. The question was disallowed, but later on, that decision was reviewed in terms of order dated 12^th July, 2006 passed on the application filed by the prosecution.

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87.P.W.9, in his deposition, has clearly stated that the lock on the premises was required to be broken open. The fact that the lock was not produced does not belie the consistent assertion of the prosecution witnesses in that behalf, much less the recovery of 10 cartons containing contraband substance weighing about 159 Kgs. from the premises during the raid pertaining to the third seizure.

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88.PW9 has stated that the packets found in the cartons contained black sticky substance and it had very bad odour. Relying on Exhibits 17, 27 and 26(colly.), it was argued that the description of the substance is different. We are not impressed by this submission. The fact remains that the cartons contained packets in which the contraband substance was found. The contraband substance was tested on the site on the scene of offence and tested positive of charas (hashish). The samples taken of the said substance (bulk quantity) were sealed and sent

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for chemical analysis. The report of Chemical Analyser also supports the prosecution case that, in the sample, presence of charas (hashish) was noticed. The fact that P.W.9 was not able to mention the correct number of bags recovered from the 10 cartons cannot be the basis to discard the entire prosecution case, much less the presence of P.W.9 during the search and seizure as recorded in the panchnama (Exh. 24). The relevant facts have been deposed to and proved by P.W.1, to which there is no cross-examination at all.

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89.With reference to the version of P.W.9 that he signed on the labels, which were affixed on plastic bags, it was argued that the samples did not have labels with signature of panchas. This argument will have to be stated to be rejected, as the samples were kept in envelopes and labels were affixed on plastic bags containing bulk quantity. That position is reinforced from Exh. 27. At the request of the Prosecutor, the officer, who opened the envelopes, was permitted to be re-called, as is noted at the end of examination-in-chief. In view of that liberty, P.W. 10 was examined thereafter, who has explained the matters pertaining to opening the envelopes and identified the same. P.W.9 was

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questioned to identify the signatures.

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90.The counsel for the defence has contended that the prosecution

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was allowed to ask leading questions, and, therefore, that part of the evidence of P.W.9 will have to be discarded. According to him, leading questions could be asked only in cross-examination as provided under Section 143 of the Evidence Act. This argument does not commend to us, firstly because the objection regarding leading question has to be taken immediately after the question is put to the witness. Moreover, Section 142 of the Evidence Act is the clear answer to this contention.

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91.Be that as it may, in the cross-examination, PW9 stated that his office is situate in a building opposite Matruchhaya building, as also he is having godown in Matruchhaya building which is adjacent to the godown of Accused No.2. The work of panchanama started at 9.30 p.m. and was completed at 11.00 p.m. The panchanama was drawn in the godown B-2. It was

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read over to him and then he signed on it. He explained the panchanama in Hindi language to another panch witness Imtiyaz and then he signed on the panchanama. He deposed

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that the key of the lock of the small room was given to Accused No.2.

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92.Even on a fair scrutiny of the cross-examination, it is not possible to reject the evidence given by PW9. He is an independent witness. His evidence inspires confidence. The core issue established through this witness by the prosecution is of having conducted raid pertaining to third seizure on 18.2.2002 and during such raid, search was carried out in the manner stated in the Panchanama and deposed to by the official witnesses. During the search, 10 cartons were recovered which contained packets filled with contraband substance. That was tested on the scene of offence and found to be containing Charas (Hashish). The samples from the bulk quantity was taken and sealed. These facts have been clearly established by the prosecution. Significantly, the raid was conducted consequent to the disclosure made by accused No.1 himself of having stored the contraband substance weighing about 159 kgs in the stated premises. The minor discrepancies such as demanding key from the accused or non-production of lock which was required to be broke open to enter the premises is

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not fatal to the prosecution case.

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93.The prosecution also examined PW10 – Bhatnagar (Exh.86). He deposed that seven sample packets were allotted to him in a sealed condition on 19.02.2002. Alongwith these samples, he received three copies of test memo and to that effect he made entries in the register about the details of samples. The Lab numbers were given to the samples and he started analysis on 25.02.2002 and completed on the same day. He carried out these tests and noted down the conclusions arrived pursuant to these tests. He found that the contents in the seven samples was Hashish. The remnant samples were kept by him in the open condition in separate seven envelopes and sealed these envelopes with Dy.C.C. He handed over those envelopes to the Intelligence Officer on 26.02.2002 and the said officer signed with acknowledgment. He mentioned the conclusions drawn by him on the test memo also alongwith the seven packets. He returned test memo to the officer. He identified seven envelopes marked as Articles 23 to 29. The inner envelopes were received by him as sample packets, in a sealed and intact condition. The results mentioned by him were in his hand writing and bore his

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signatures and counter signed by Mr.Mohan Kumar, Chemical Analyser, Grade-I. He produced original register and seven entries were made on Page Nos.169 to 172 of the said register. He deposed that those entries were in his hand writing bearing his signatures and the contents are correct.

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94.We have already dealt with the tenor of cross-examination of PW10 Bhatnagar (exhibit 86) earlier while considering his evidence concerning the second seizure. The cross-examination is common with regard to the analysis of the samples done by this witness relating to the samples of the second seizure as well as the third seizure. For the same reasons, therefore, we are of the opinion, that the matters purported to be brought on record during the cross-examination will be of no avail to the defense. This witness has stood by his version in the examination-in-chief that he had carried out six tests for arriving at the conclusion that the samples analysed by him pertaining to the third seizure contained Charas (Hashish). He has supported

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the prosecution case that sealed, intact envelopes were sent to the Laboratory which were received by him in that condition and he has noted that fact in the register maintained by him. He

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opened the said envelopes and after carrying out six tests noticed that the samples contained contraband substance Charas (Hashish). He has deposed about the keeping of the open envelopes in outer envelope and returning the same to the Department alongwith his report written in his own hand-writing under his signature. Suffice it to observe that the facts so established through this witness is that the sample taken out from the bulk quantity recovered during the third seizure conducted on 18.2.2002 tested positive of Charas (Hashish).

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95.Considering the above, we have no hesitation in taking the view that the prosecution has succeeded in establishing the background in which raid was conducted with regard to the second and third seizures upon disclosure made by accused No. 1 himself in his statement recorded under Section 67 of the Act. During the raid, the bulk quantity weighing around 29 Kgs. and 159 kgs., respectively, was recovered. The same tested positive of hashish (charas). Thereafter, the samples were taken out from the respective bulk quantities and sent to Chemical Analyser. The samples were placed in envelopes, which were duly sealed under panchnama. The Chemical

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Analyser received sealed envelopes containing samples in intact and sealed condition. After carrying out requisite six tests, the Chemical Analyser formed his opinion that the samples contained contraband substance and prepared report in his own hand-writing under his signature. The report has been proved. The prosecution evidence amply establishes that accused No. 1 was in conscious possession of the bulk quantity. We may usefully refer to the decisions of the Apex Court pressed into service by the prosecution. To wit, Madanlal and Anr. vs. State of H.P. , (2003) 7 S.C.C. 465, Megh Singh vs. State of Punjab , 2003 Cr.L.J. 4329, Gunwantlal vs. State of Madhya Pradesh , AIR 1972 S.C. 1756 . It necessarily follows that the prosecution, on the basis of independent evidence, has successfully established Charge Thirdly against accused No. 1.

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96.As regards the remaining bulk quantity, we are in agreement with the submission of the Prosecutor that proceeding under Sections 52 and 52-A of the Act for its disposal has been duly followed by the Department. The said procedure is directory. Non-compliance of any one requirement would not vitiate the said procedure. In any case, that would not extricate accused

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No. 1 from Charge Thirdly, which has been duly established against him. The contraband substance recovered during the two raids of around 29 Kgs. and 159 Kgs., respectively, has been established from contemporaneous evidence and of the official witnesses, including the panchas. Accused No. 1 has not been able to demonstrate that any prejudice was caused to him because of non-compliance of any one of the requirements under Sections 52 and 52-A of the N.D.P.S. Act.

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97.The prosecution has proved the authenticity and genuineness of the certificate issued by the Special Metropolitan Magistrate in relation to the procedure for disposal of the bulk quantity recovered during the second and third seizures. Ms.Dere rightly contended that the procedure under section 52 and 52A was followed by the officers of the NCB. At any rate, these are directory provisions and non-compliance of it will not vitiate the proceedings. According to her, at any rate, the Accused No.1 has not demonstrated any prejudice caused to him and no question was put to PW1 as regards tampering of samples or as regards tampering of bulk quantities. Accused No.1 has not challenged the certificate. That will have to be treated as primary

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evidence in respect of charge Thirdly against Accused No.1. PW1-Nair has proved the authenticity of the certificate issued by The Special Metropolitan Magistrate. He identified the signatures of Mulye, panch witnesses and the Special Metropolitan Magistrate. These aspects were not challenged by Accused No.1. Even in the cross-examination of PW1-Nair, signatures of Mulye, panch witnesses and the Special Metropolitan Magistrate were not disputed. In support of her submissions on section 52A she relied upon (1974) 1 SCC 345 and (2004) 3 SCC 453.

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98.That takes us to the efficacy of the statements of accused No. 1 recorded under Section 67 of the N.D.P.S. Act. Accused No. 1 was arrested on 15^th February, 2002 in connection with the enquiry. A formal complaint was lodged by P.W.1 only on 2^nd August, 2002. Statements of accused No.1 under Section 67 of the Act were recorded much before filing of the complaint.

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99.The question is: Whether the statements of Accused No.1 are inadmissible? It is well-established position that the statements so recorded under Section 67 of the N.D.P.S. Act by the officers

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of N.D.P.S. Department during the enquiry before filing of a formal complaint cannot be equated with the statements made before the police officer. The said officers are not police officers as contemplated under Section 2(11) of the Bombay Police Act, 1951. Even if accused No. 1 was in custody even before filing of the complaint, his statements will have to be treated as statements recorded for the purpose of enquiry under Section 67 of the Act and cannot be said to be inadmissible or hit by Section 24 or 27 of the Indian Evidence Act. This legal position is no more res integra [See Intelligence Officer vs. Amjad Hussein Khan , 2003 All MR (Cri) 1037, paragraph 36, and Nathubhai Babarbhai Patel vs. State of Maharashtra , 2001 Cr.L.J. 536 ].

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100.From the statements of accused No. 1, it is indisputable that he

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volunteered to disclose of having stored substantial quantity of contraband substance. Upon that disclosure, raids were immediately conducted under the instructions of superior officers by the raiding team. Accused No. 1 was present during both these raids. During the raids, 29 Kgs. and 159 Kgs. of contraband substance was seized, which contained hashish.

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The making of the said statements has been proved by the prosecution witnesses. Admittedly, accused No. 1 did not retract from the said statements. It is well-established position that finding of guilt can be recorded on the basis of said statements given by accused No. 1 under Section 67 of the N.D.P.S. Act during enquiry. In the present case, the prosecution has, on its own, been able to bring home the guilt against accused No. 1 in relation to Charge Thirdly. Taking any view of the matter, therefore, the finding of guilt recorded by the trial Court against accused No. 1 with regard to Charge Thirdly is unexceptionable for the reasons given by us hitherto.

¶391

101.The counsel for the defence (accused No.1) had relied on the decision of Rajasthan High Court in the case of Prem Singh @ Pappu Papiya vs. Union of India , 1995 Cr.L.J. 1122 , in particular paragraph 14, and Ashak Hussain Allah Detha @ Siddique & anr. Vs. Asstt. Collector of Customs (P), Bombay & anr. , 1990 Cr.L.J. 2201 , in particular paragraph 3, to contend that the statements of accused No. 1 recorded under Section 67 of the Act cannot be used against him, more particularly because mandatory procedure was not followed. The statements were

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prepared, and, to give legitimacy, accused no. 1 was forced to reduce the same in his own hand-writing so as to falsely implicate him. Much of the cross-examination pertaining to statements of accused No. 1 recorded under Section 67 is devoted on this aspect. On bare perusal of the said statements, it is noticed that it is in Urdu, with which language, accused No. 1 is well conversant. It bears the signature of accused No. 1. It has been recorded before Designated Officer after due verification that the same is given without any pressure, duress or coercion. The concerned witnesses have spoken about these matters in the evidence given by them. Once the prosecution has been able to establish these facts, it is unfathomable that the accused can extricate himself from facts mentioned in his own statements. Even in case of retracted confession, the Court is free to record finding of guilt, but on the finding that the confession was given voluntarily. The Court can record conviction, but rule of prudence requires that such confessional statement cannot be made the sole basis for conviction, without any corroboration from independent and distinct evidence. In the present case, accused No. 1 has not retracted his statement, and, as found earlier, the prosecution, in any case,

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has been able to bring home the guilt against accused No. 1 with regard to Charge Thirdly on its own. The fact of storing contraband substance at the stated place was within the exclusive knowledge of accused No. 1 and it is only after disclosure made by him in the aforesaid statements, the seizure thereof was possible. Thus, the statement of accused No. 1 having been found to be voluntary and resulting in seizure of the bulk quantity from the stated place, it necessarily follows that the same was also truthful, which could be used against accused No. 1. As in the present case, until the formal complaint is filed, the person giving statement under Section 67 of the Act during the course of enquiry is not an accused. It is a different matter that he was in custody of officials of NDPS Department during the relevant period, but not an accused. Besides, the statement was not given before the police officer, as such. Therefore, the mandate of Sections 24 to 27 of the Indian Evidence Act has no application thereto. It is open to the Court to decide the matters in issue on the basis of statement of accused No. 1 given under Section 67 of the Act, as it is not hit by Article 20(3) of the Constitution of India as well. Reliance has been rightly placed on the decision in the case of Kanhaiyalal v. Union of India, AIR

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2008 S.C. 1044, that conviction can be based solely on the statement of the accused recorded under Section 67 of the Act during the course of enquiry. Paragraph 36 of the report reads thus:-

¶398

“36. A parallel may be drawn between the provisions of Section 67 of the NDPS Act and Sections 107 and 108 of the Customs Act and to a large extent Section 32 of the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 and Section 15 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987. These are all special Acts meant to deal with special situations and circumstances. While the provisions of the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002, and TADA Act, 1987, are much more stringent and excludes from its purview the provisions of Sections 24 to 27 of the Evidence Act with regard to confession made before a police officer, the provisions relating to statements made during inquiry under the Customs Act and under the NDPS Act are less stringent and continues to attract the provisions of the Evidence Act. In the case of both the latter enactments, initially an inquiry is contemplated during which a person may be called upon to provide any information relevant to the inquiry as to whether there has been any contravention of the provisions of the Act or any Rule or Order made thereunder. At that stage the person concerned is not an accused although he may be said to be in custody. But on the basis of the statements made by him he could be made an accused subsequently. What is important is whether the statement made by the person concerned is made during inquiry prior to his arrest or after he had been formally charged with the offence and made an accused in respect thereof. As long as such statement was made by the accused at a time when he was not under arrest, the bar under Sections 24 to 27 of the Evidence Act would not operate nor would the provisions of Article 20(3) of the Constitution be attracted. It is only after a person is placed in the position of an accused that the bar imposed under the aforesaid provision will come into play. Of

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course, this Court has also held in Pon Adithan's case (supra) that even if a person is placed under arrest and thereafter makes a statement which seeks to incriminate him, the bar under Article 20(3) of the Constitution would not operate against him if such statement was given voluntarily and without any threat or compulsion and if supported by corroborating evidence.” (emphasis supplied).

¶401

102.Ms.Dere also relied upon the judgment of the Apex Court in the case of N.Prabhulal V/s.Assistant Director (2003) 8 SCC 449 and in particular, Paragraph 5 thereof, wherein it was observed that the statements made voluntarily can be made basis of conviction. She also relied upon the judgment of the Apex Court in the case of Pon Adithan V/s.Deputy Director, (1999) 6 SCC 1 and in particular Paragraph 7 thereof.

¶402

103.Ms Dere relied upon the Judgment of the Apex Court in the case of Rameshchandra Vs. state of West Bengal, AIR 1970 SC 940, and in particular paragraphs 26 and 27 thereof, to contend that under the Act formal accusation can only be deemed to be made if a complaint is made before the competent court to try the person guilty of the offences under the provisions of the Act. Any statement made under section 67 of the Act by a person against whom an enquiry is made by

¶403

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officer of NCB, is not a statement made by person accused of an offence. She also relied upon the Judgment of the Apex Court in the case of Balkrishna Vs. State of West Bengal, AIR 1974 SC 120 and in particular paragraph 15 thereof to contend that any person under the provisions of the Act certainly covers every person including a suspect and potential accused. So long as the complaint is not made against the person he cannot be categorized and classified as an accused. We find merit in

¶405

the submissions of Ms Dere. In the instant case, during the course of inquiry, the statements of the accused no.1 under section 67 of the Act were recorded between 14.2.2002 and 27.2.2002 and the complaint was eventually lodged on 2.8.2008.

¶406

104.Ms Dere relied upon the Judgment of the Apex Court in the

¶407

case Madanlal Vs State of H.P , (2003) 7 SCC 465, and in particular paragraph 20 to 26 thereof. In the instant case, the possession of the accused was established. It was, therefore, for accused no.1 who claims that it was not a conscious possession, has to establish the same as it is he, who can explain how he came to be in possession and it is within his special knowledge. Section 35 of the Act raises a statutory

¶408

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¶409

presumption of this position. That is the presumption available in law. Similar is the position in terms of section 54 where also presumption is also available to be drawn from possession of illicit articles. This position was reiterated in the subsequent Judgment of the Apex Court in the case of Meg Singh Vs State of Punjab, 2003 Cri.L.J. 4329 and in particular paragraphs 6 to 13 thereof.

¶410

105.It is noticed from the record that the statements of accused No.1 recorded during the enquiry u/s 67 of the Act in vernacular language have been duly exhibited. His statements dated - 14.2.2002 is marked as exhibit 47, 16.2.2002 is marked as exhibit 50, 18.2.2002 is marked as exhibit 23, 25.2.2002 is marked as exhibit 32 and 27.2.2002 is marked as exhibit 33. In this context, it was argued that the Court had no means to read the said statements though exhibited. This argument clearly overlooks that english translation of these statements was done by the officer conversant with the vernacular language, which was taken on record by the Special Court. The Special Court has decided the matter with reference to the said english translation. It is not the argument of the accused No.1 before us

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that the said translation is not accurate. It is unfathomable as to why the translated copy of the statements cannot be looked at by the court for deciding the matters in issue. The Counsel for the accused No.1 was at pains to point out that this was impermissible. In response, we had asked the counsel for the accused No.1 that if some document in vernacular language is taken on record during the trial and duly exhibited, the High Court while considering the appeal proceedings can always insist for official translation of such documents instead of agreeing with the argument of the accused No.1 that the entire document be discarded from consideration. It is noticed from

¶413

the Roznama and the judgment of the Special Court that no objection was raised to take the english translation of the statements of accused No.1 on record. However, to reassure ourselves, we thought it appropriate to get the said statements recorded in vernacular language, in Hindi and Urdu, duly translated from the Official Translator of High Court. Accordingly, the official translation of the said documents has been made available to us. Copies thereof were also given to the Counsel for the parties. The Official Translator has also certified that the english translation of the statements taken on record by the

¶414

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¶415

Special Court are materially the same except some minor errors. Nevertheless, we would proceed on the basis of the official translation furnished to us by the office of the Official Translator, High Court. On a bare perusal of the translated statements, we have no manner of doubt that the finding recorded with regard to the efficacy of the statements of accused No.1 recorded u/s 67 of the Act is unexceptionable. In the statement dated 14.2.2002 on the basis of which the second seizure was effected, it is seen

¶416

that the statement was given voluntarily and not under any pressure, duress or coercion. Accused No.1 has noted that he had completed his education in Urdu medium and he can read, write and speak fluently. He has noted that he started dealing in the contraband substance after he met a person named Riyaz Bhatt who is a resident of Bijbara. Initially, he purchased 6 kgs of Charas from him. Prior to that, he was working as a commission agent in walnut trade and in that connection had met accused No.2 Gurdev Singh Vora in 1999. He has then stated that on 5.1.2002, he purchased 6 kgs of Charas from Riyaz Bhatt at a cost of `42,000/- by paying cash amount. He then sold the said 6 kgs of Charas to one Yusuf Khan in Mumbra who was introduced to him by the said Riyaz Bhatt. The details

¶417

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¶418

of how the sale transaction was completed is also mentioned in the statement. He has stated about having met Riyaz Bhatt on 25.2.2002 at Srinagar and told him to deliver new consignment. For that he paid 7,000/- to Riyaz Bhatt. He thereafter purchased 8 kgs of the contraband from Riyaz Bhatt at a cost of 48,000/-. He has referred to other transactions and details of his dealings in the contraband substance and persons associated with him. He then proceeded to disclose voluntarily and truthfully that 28 kgs of Charas has been stored by him in the business premises of accused No.2 at Matruchhaya building which was brought and kept by him alongwith the consignment of walnuts on 8.2.2002. He intended to remove the said consignment but before that the officers arrived at the scene on 14.2.2002 and seized the consignments of Charas in his presence. He has noted that he was informed about his right to remain silent and not to give any statement which could be used against him in the court of law but he has stated, realising his responsibility, he thought it necessary to give the statement voluntarily and was in physical state and agile mind. It is not necessary to refer to the further statements given by accused No.1 u/s 67 of the Act on 16.2.2002 which in fact, reiterates

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about his involvement in dealing with the contraband substance and more particularly with regard to the bulk quantity seized during the second seizure. Suffice it to note that in this statement, he has given the bank details concerning the contraband substance. Even the statement given on 18.2.2002 u/s 67 of the Act (exhibit 23), he has stated that he was giving that statement voluntarily and without any pressure, force or coercion. He has written that statement in his own hand-writing in Urdu. In this statement, he has disclosed about the contraband substance stored in a small room adjacent to B2 in Matruchhaya building on 13.2.2002. On the basis of this disclosure, the third seizure was effected in which 159 kgs of contraband substance was recovered from the said premises. As aforesaid, we have no reason to discard the english translation of the relevant statements of accused No.1 as well as accused No.2 recorded u/s 67 of the Act, furnished to us by the office of the Official Translator, High Court on our request. The vernacular version of the said statements are already part of the

¶421

record and have been accepted by the Special Court and moreso, the Special Court got the said statements translated in english with the assistance of Urdu knowing official of the NDPS

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Department.

¶424

106.After considering the evidence on record as also the statements made by accused no.1 under section 67 of the Act, we are satisfied that the Special Court has rightly come to the conclusion that the prosecution has established the second seizure dated 14.2.2002 and the third seizure dated 18.2.2002. The learned Sessions Judge has rightly convicted accused no.1 for an offence under section 8(c), punishable under section 20(b)(ii)(c) of the Act. We accordingly uphold the conviction recorded by the Special Court.

¶425

107.We may now deal with the procedural issues raised by the counsel for the accused No.1. According to him, the Special Court ought to have exercised the powers of a Magistrate. For that, reliance is placed on section 36A of NDPS Act. It was submitted that the charge should have been framed keeping in mind provisions of Chapter XIX of the Criminal Procedure Code,

¶426

in particular, steps under sections 244, 245 and 246. In the present case, the charge was framed before recording prosecution evidence, which is contrary to the said provisions.

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Therefore, the trial has vitiated. Reliance is placed on the decision of the apex court in the case of A.R. Antulay vs. R.S. Naik reported in AIR 1984 SC 718 , paragraphs 25 and 28 in particular, in support of the above argument.

¶429

108.The learned Public Prosecutor, however, relies on the legislative history pertaining to the introduction of section 36A of the NDPS Act by way of amendment. She pointed out that distinction is made by the said amended provisions in respect of the offences under the NDPS Act, which are punishable with imprisonment for a term of more than three years. The mandate of the said provision is to conduct trial of those cases before the Special Court. Section 36A(1)(C) envisages that in relation to the person forwarded to it under clause (b), the same power which a Magistrate having jurisdiction to try a case in exercise of power u/s 167 of the Code. According to the learned Counsel, the scheme of the section 36A, if read in its entirety alongwith section 36-C, there is no manner of doubt that the Special Court

¶430

is deemed to be a Court of Sessions and the person conducting the prosecution before a Special Court shall be deemed to be a public prosecutor. This deeming provision is conspicuously

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absent in the enactment considered by the Apex Court in Antulay's case (supra) . That decision deals with the provisions of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947. Further, as per section 8(3A) of the Criminal law Amendment Act 1952, the Special Judge is deemed to be a Magistrate. She submits that these aspects have been completely glossed over by the Counsel for the accused No.1. We are in agreement with the argument of the learned Public Prosecutor in this behalf.

¶433

109.The learned Public Prosecutor invited our attention to the decision of the Gujarat High Court in the case of Yusuf Ismail Vohra vs. U.H. Patel, (2003) 4 GLR 345 which considered a similar argument. We also agree with the submission of the learned Public Prosecutor that the argument of charge ought not to have been framed before recording of prosecution evidence is also devoid of merits for the same reason. Notably, no such grievance was made by any accused much less accused No.1 at the threshold but they continued to participate in the said

¶434

proceedings. In any case, in law, the trial was required to be conducted as one before the Sessions Court. That procedure has been adhered to by the Special Court. We also find merit in

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the submission of the learned Public Prosecutor that the grievance regarding charge being defective which is made before this Court is also devoid of merits. The charges as framed are specific. The same refer to the section under which the offence has allegedly been committed. It also gives enough information to the accused about the offence for which he was tried. There is substantial compliance in that regard. There is no evidence or circumstance to suggest that any prejudice was caused or any failure of justice has occasioned on account of the charges framed against accused in the present case. Assuming that there was some error therein, there is nothing to indicate that the accused was in fact misled by such error or omission and which has occasioned a failure of justice. As is required by section 465(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code, such objection ought to have been raised at an earliest stage in the proceedings. She has relied on the same decision as by the advocate for accused No.1 in the case of Willie (Williams) vs. Slainey, AIR 1956 SC 116. In the context of ground of procedural infirmity in the conduct of trial resulting in vitiating the trial, it was argued that after recording evidence of prosecution witness, the Special Court proceeded to record statements

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of the accused under section 313. It was argued that after recording of evidence, the accused ought to have been heard on the point of acquittal as posited u/s 232 of the Code. However, before calling upon the accused to enter defence, no opinion has been expressed by the Special Court in its order dated 8.1.2007. The argument is completely ill-advised. The Special Court was not expected to record finding on the issue of acquittal one way or the other before calling upon the accused to enter upon the defence. Sections 232 and 233 will have to be read in the context of the scheme of the Code. This argument is completely in the teeth of the said scheme and cannot be accepted. With reference to the statement u/s 313, it was contended that the questions were vague and reflect nonapplication of mind. The same did not give enough opportunity to the accused to offer explanation in relation to the matters of panchanama, sample, seizure, statement of accused recorded by the officials, chemical analysis report, signature of accused for showing the concerned exhibit to the accused and so on. Moreover, similar questions have been posed to accused No.2.. No question regarding incriminatory material pertaining to handwriting, signature of accused No.1, contents and findings in the

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C.A. report was put to the accused. The argument is completely

¶441

misplaced. After going through the questions posed to the accused No.1, there is no merit in the grievance that the same are vague or suffer from non-application of mind. Questions have been put in respect of all material aspects and incriminatory matters to accused No.1. The statement of accused No.1 is at exhibit 93. The tenor of the questions, in our opinion, clearly give opportunity to accused No.1 to offer explanation. Notably, in the present case, the statement of accused No.1 given before the officials u/s 67 has been held to be admissible and that by itself can be relied upon to proceed

¶442

against the accused. With reference to the said statements, specific questions were posed in section 313 statements, but the accused chose to remain silent by merely saying it is false or nothing to say. On a fair reading of the questions and the manner in which the same have been answered by accused No.1, it is obvious that the argument under consideration cannot take the matter any further for accused No.1. Accordingly, we conclude that accused No.1 has been justly convicted by the

¶443

Special Court for the charged offence as per the charge

¶444

THIRDLY.

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110.That takes us to the question of sentence. Ms.Dere submitted

¶447

that the learned Sessions Judge of Himmatnagar, State of Gujarat convicted Accused No.1 for committing offences punishable under the Act and the sentenced him to 10 years R.I. The said order was confirmed by the High Court at Gujarat. Though the appeal is admitted by the Apex Court against this order, there is no stay to the conviction. She therefore submitted that the charge under section 31-A of the Act was rightly framed against the Accused No.1 and the Court need not wait till the Apex Court decides his appeal against conviction recorded by the Gujarat High Court, as would be evident from the provisions of Sections 31 and 31A of the Act. She further invited our attention to the legislative history in incorporating Section 31A. In the instant case, the prosecution has established second seizure of 14.02.2002 when 28 Kg.Hashish was recovered at the instance of Accused No.1 as also third seizure of 18.02.2002 when 159 Kg.Hashish was recovered at the instance of Accused No.1. From the evidence on record as also the statements of Accused No.1 under section 67 which were never retracted by him, it would abundantly be clear that Accused No.1 is a habitual

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drug trafficker. He was found in possession of 188 Kg.Hashish, which is much more than the commercial quantity specified under section 31A of the Act. Accused No.1 does not deserve any leniency as right from 1996 he was in the business of dealing with Hashish. In support of her submissions, she relied upon judgment of the Apex Court in the case of Union of India

¶450

V/s. Kuldeep Singh, 2004 Cr.L.J.(Cri.) 836 .

¶451

111.Ms.Dere then invited our attention to legislative history of the drugs law in India till the enactment of the present Act and the amendments thereto. Prior to enactment of the present Act, the statutory control over narcotic drugs was exercised in India though a number of Central and State enactments. The principal Central Acts, namely, the Opium Act, 1857, the Opium Act,1878 and the Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930, were enacted a long time ago. With the passage of time and the developments in the field of illicit drug traffic and drug abuse at national and international level, many deficiencies in the existing laws have come to notice and because of it, there is an urgent need for the

¶452

enactment of a comprehensive legislation on Narcotic Drugs

¶453

and Psychotropic Substances which, inter alia, should

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consolidate and amend the existing laws relating to narcotic drugs, strengthen the existing controls over drug abuse, considerably enhance the penalties particularly for trafficking offences, was felt. It is in that context the present Act was enacted and was subsequently amended in the year 2001. She submitted that in the year 1989 section 31-A was incorporated into the statute. and the object of higher sentence is to keep the perpetrator out of circulation and to show that there is zero tolerance for such offences which affect the society at large and more particularly the economy of the nation. The table given below section 31-A deals with particulars of narcotic drugs/psychotropic substances and the quantity indicated against each drug or substance. Insofar as Hashish is concerned, commercial quantity prescribed therein is 20 kgs. Section 31-A was amended with effect from 2.10.2001 to limit the application of mandatory death sentence to certain offences under sections 19, 24, and 27A and to offences involving commercial quantity of any narcotic and psychotropic substances only. The 2001 amendment seeks to restrict the number and nature of offences for previous conviction which result in a death sentence upon subsequent conviction in

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accordance with the existing section, the first conviction must be for any offence punishable under section 19 (embezzlement of licit opium), section 24 (external dealing), section 27-A (financing illicit acts or harboring offenders) and for offences involving commercial quantity.

¶458

112.She submitted that after the criterion laid down in section 31-A is satisfied, the Court can look into whether the second offence involves the drug and quantity specified in the table in Section 31-A. She further relied upon the Judgments of the Apex Court

¶459

in (1) Rajendra Prasad Vs. state of U.P. (1979) 3 SCC 646;

¶460

(2) Bacchan Singh Vs. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898 and

¶461

(3) Machhi Singh Vs. state of Punjab , AIR 1983 SC 957 These Judgments laid down the following principles: -

¶462

(i) The extreme penalty of death need not be inflicted except in gravest cases of extreme culpability;

¶463

(ii) Before opting for the death penalty the circumstances of the 'offender' also require to be taken into consideration along with the circumstances of the crime'

¶464

(iii) Life imprisonment is the rule and death sentence is an exception. In other words, death sentence must be

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¶466

imposed only when life imprisonment appears to be an altogether inadequate punishment having regard to the relevant circumstances of the crime, and only provided, the option to impose sentence of imprisonment for life cannot be conscientiously exercised having regard to the nature and circumstances of the crime and all the relevant circumstances;

¶467

(iv) A balancesheet of aggravating and mitigating circumstances has to be drawn up and in doing so the mitigating circumstances have to be accorded full weightage and a just balance has to be struck between the aggravating

¶468

and the mitigating circumstances before the option is exercised.

¶469

In order to apply these guidelines the Court has to take into account the following questions:

¶470

(a) Is there something uncommon about the crime which renders sentence of imprisonment for life inadequate and calls for a death sentence?

¶471

(b)Are the circumstances of the crime such that there is no alternative but to impose death sentence even after

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¶473

according maximum weight-age to the mitigating circumstances which speak in favour of the offender?

¶474

Upon taking an overall global view of all the circumstances in the light of the aforesaid proposition and taking into account the answers to the questions posed herein above, the circumstances of the case are such that death sentence is warranted and the Court would proceed to award the same. In support of the submissions, she relied upon the Judgment of the Apex Court in the case of Union of India Vs Kuldeep Singh, 2004 Cri.L.J.836 and in particular paragraphs 14 and 17 thereof.

¶475

113.She submitted that there are several aggravating circumstances in the present case entailing death penalty on accused no.1.

¶476

(i) The quantity seized at Gujarat as well as in Mumbai is substantial quantity and worth crores of rupees and involves huge commercial quantity of 142 Kgs, whereas in Mumbai it was 183 Kgs Hashish.

¶477

(ii) The statements of accused no.1 recorded under

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¶479

section 67 of the Act which were voluntary and truthful and at no point of time were retracted, indicate that despite his knowledge of the seizure of substantial quantity of narcotic in Gujarat, he continued with the purchase and transport of narcotics in a planned and systematic manner. After realizing that 143 Kgs Hashish was seized in Ahmadabad that he stopped keeping contraband with him in the hotel and had therefore stored it at the godown of accused no.2. It is also evident from his statement that he has been in the trade of Hashish since 1996.

¶480

(iii) Accused no.1 is a menace to the society who is habitually engaged in purchasing and selling, transporting etc of drugs and any punishment with a term of imprisonment only is fraught with danger as it may expose the society to peril once again at the hands of the accused.

¶481

(iv) Accused no.1 belongs to a class of offenders who indulge in nefarious activities of drug trafficking in a deliberate, planned manner so as to jeopardize the social fabric. The facts of the present case reveal the extreme culpability of the accused which have far reaching ramifications/impact on the youth/citizens of the country.

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(v) The only planned motivation to commit the present offence for accused no.1 was to make monetary gains. An offender, who has no empathy for his fellow citizens, who because of his profit making endeavor repeatedly puts the society in peril, does not deserve any sympathy of this Court.

¶484

(vi) The offence with which accused no.1 has been convicted for, i.e Hashish was extreme potentiality to harm and endanger the public order and interest of general public and as such is a continued threat to the social morality and health. Drug addiction attacks the younger generation of the country and one of it s tragedies lies in its morbid assault on youth resulting in mental disorientation and emotional derangement, pushing the victim towards a fate from which there is seldom any hope of recovery. There is willful subversion of a nations culture, social values and integrity by the systematic corruption of its young through smuggled drugs.

¶485

(vii) The rationale behind the sentence structure of the Act is to ensure that the drug traffickers who traffic in significant quantities of drugs are punished with deterrent

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sentences and that the amendments of 1989, and 2001 of the Act are directed towards design to further strengthen the Act.

¶488

(viii) The facts of the present case clearly show that accused no.1 is a die-hard criminal. He is a threat to the survival of the social order. The acts done by him for private profit, ie. purchasing, transporting and selling narcotic drugs, clearly warrant death penalty to accused no.1.

¶489

114.In the alternative she submitted that without prejudice to the aforesaid contentions in relation to section 31-A, at any rate the maximum sentence under section 31 read with 20(C) of the Act warranting imprisonment of 30 years. In support of this contention, she relied upon the Judgment in the case of Indian Harm Reduction Network Vs. Union of India, 2011 All M R (Cri) 3428.

¶490

115.On the other hand, Shri Mooman submitted that against the conviction recorded by the Gujarat High Court, the appeal preferred by accused no.1 is pending in the Supreme Court. When we called upon him to point out any mitigating or

¶491

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¶492

extenuating circumstances he left it to the mercy of the Court. Even the accused No.1 who was produced through video conferencing during the hearing of the case has no comments to offer and prays for mercy.

¶493

116.Now, it is not in dispute that against the conviction and sentence recorded by the Gujarat High Court, the appeal preferred by accused no.1 is pending before the Apex Court. It is in these circumstances, we have to consider the question of sentence. Section 20(b)(ii)(C) provides that where contravention involves commercial quantity, the punishment shall be rigorous imprisonment for a term not less than 10 years and which may extend to 20 years and shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than one lac and which may extend to two lacs rupees. Section 31 provides for enhanced punishment for offences after previous conviction. Section 31(1) provides that for every subsequent offence the punishment is with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to one-half of the maximum term of imprisonment and also be liable to fine which shall extend to one-half of the maximum amount of fine.

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¶495

117.Ordinarily, if accused No.1 was to be proceeded only on the basis of his conviction with regard to the present offence, he would have to suffer the sentence provided in section 20(B)(ii) (C) of the NDPS Act. Considering the quantity of contraband substance recovered at the instance of accused No.1 coupled with his admission in his statements given u/s 67 of the Act during the enquiry that he has indulged in similar transactions in the past, we would have no hesitation in imposing the maximum sentence provided for such offence, namely, rigorous imprisonment for a term of 20 years and also fine of `2 lakhs. This sentence ought to follow even if the accused No.1 succeeds in the Appeal pending before the Apex Court. The question of enhanced punishment would arise only if it is a case of subsequent conviction for offences under the NDPS Act after previous conviction.

¶496

118.Considering the fact that the Supreme Court appeal in respect of the conviction for offence under the NDPS Act (previous conviction) is still pending, we may have to now examine the question of imposing enhanced sentence on the assumption that the said appeal will be dismissed and the previous conviction

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¶498

confirmed by the Apex Court. In that case, provisions for enhanced punishment provided u/s 31 and/or section 31A of the NDPS Act will be attracted. In that context, the question to be examined would be whether it is imperative to award death penalty to accused No.1 as has been held in the case of Indian Harm Reduction Network (supra) by this Court. The Court has to examine the issue on case to case basis. Section 31A ought to be invoked if the Court records its satisfaction that the case concerned in the category of rarest of rare cases. Therefore, it has become necessary for us to examine that question before answering the confirmation reference. The Special Judge after the abovesaid decision has reconsidered this issue and has reiterated the death penalty recommended to accused No.1 on the earlier occasion.

¶499

119.After bearing in mind the principles laid down by the apex Court in the case of Rajendra Prasad (supra), Bacchan Singh (supra), Machhi Singh (supra) and the facts and circumstances of the present case as also quantity of Hashish recovered from accused No.1, in connection with offence committed at Gujarat and the present offence in Maharashtra, we do not find that the

¶500

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¶501

present case will fall under the category of rarest of rare cases of extreme culpability. As laid down in the aforesaid Judgments, life imprisonment is the rule and death sentence is an exception. Death has to be imposed only when life imprisonment appears to be an altogether inadequate punishment. While examining this aspect the Court should not only keep in mind the crime but also the circumstances of the offender. In the present case, we have already noted earlier that accused no.1 made statements under section 67 of the Act between 14.2.2002 and 27.2.2002. He never retracted any of the statements, which he could have done on legal advice as in the case of accused No.2. It was also possible for him to implicate Mohd Ramzan or accused no.2. It was also possible for him to retract his statements and to falsely implicate employees of accused no.2. In short, he could have saved himself by implicating either of these persons. He, however, did not do any of this. Besides, from his statements, it is also noticed that he got himself involved in the contraband transactions in peculiar circumstances. That was not by choice. Further, the enhanced sentence under section 31(1) would meet

¶502

the ends of justice. We are, therefore, of the considered opinion that extreme penalty of death is not warranted in the

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facts and circumstances of the case.

¶505

120.That leaves us to consider section 31 of the Act. Section 31 provides for one-half of the maximum term of imprisonment for a successive conviction. In the instant case, accused no.1 is found guilty of offence under section 8(c) punishable with Section 20(b), (ii), (C) of the Act. Having regard to the fact that accused no.1 is in the trafficking of Hashish from 1996 and having further due regard to the fact that even though substantial quantity of narcotic was seized in Gujarat, he continued in trafficking of narcotic in a planned and systematic manner, we are of the opinion that accused no.1 deserve sentence none other than under section 31(1) of the Act. Therefore, in our opinion, accused no.1 must be awarded sentence of 30 years and fine of Rs.Three lacs. The aforesaid sentence is inflicted on the assumption that the conviction recorded by the Gujarat Courts is maintained by the Apex Court in appeal preferred by accused no.1. In other words, this sentence will be attracted only upon dismissal of the appeal preferred by accused no.1 against his conviction and sentence recorded by the Gujarat High Court.

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¶507

121.As observed by the Apex Court in the case of Union of India

¶508

Vs. Kuldip Singh (Supra) and in particular paragraph 17 thereof, an offence relating to narcotic drugs or psychotropics substance is more heinous than a culpable homicide because the latter affects only an individual while the former affects and leaves its deleterious impact on the society, besides shattering the economy of the nation as well. Considering the object in introducing the Act as also the Amendments of 1989 and 2001, we are of the opinion that the maximum sentence provided for under section 20(b)(ii)(C) of the Act deserves to be inflicted on accused No.1. Hence, we pass the following order:-

¶509

(i) The Appeal preferred by accused no.1 is partly allowed. He is found guilty for having committed an offence under section 8(c) punishable with section 20(b)(ii)(C) of the Act.

¶510

(ii) The sentence recommended by the Special Court, i.e, death sentence, is, however, quashed and set aside and instead the accused no.1 is sentenced in the following

¶511

terms:

¶512

(a) In the event the pending Appeal preferred by

¶513

136 / 137

¶514

accused no.1 before the Apex Court against the conviction and sentence recorded by the Gujarat High Courts is dismissed, accused no.1 shall be sentenced to suffer thirty years rigorous imprisonment and fine of `3 lacs (Rupees Three lacs).

¶515

(b) In the event the Appeal preferred by accused No.1 before the Apex Court against his conviction and sentence recorded by the Gujarat High Court is allowed, he shall suffer sentence for rigorous imprisonment of twenty years and pay fine of `2 lacs (Rupees Two Lacs).

¶516

(c) Having regard to section 32-A as also Section 33 of the Act, in either case there shall be no suspension, remission or commutation in the sentence awarded hitherto. However, the Accused No.1 shall be entitled to set-off as per Section 428 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

¶517

(R.G.KETKAR, J.)

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(A.M.KHANWILKAR, J.)

¶519

137 / 137

Vipin Nair (Ncb) and Anr. v. Gulam Mohammed Malik and Anr.

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Vipin Nair (Ncb) and Anr. v. Gulam Mohammed Malik and Anr.

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