Part-time lecturers challenged their forced retirement at 60, claiming the statutory enhancement of superannuation age to 62 years for government employees applied to them. The court distinguished them from regular government employees based on service terms and prior bench rulings.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE V.SUJATHA
WRIT PETITION Nos. 7329, 7827, 19779, and 20906 of 2023
COMMON ORDER :
All these petitions are filed claiming same relief by different petitioners, but the issue involved in these petitions is one and the same. Therefore, I am of the view that it is appropriate to decide all the petitions by common order taking Writ Petition No.7329 of 2023 as leading petition.
W.P. No.7329 of 2023 came to be filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India seeking the following relief:-
“…. to issue a writ, order or orders more particularly one in the nature of Writ of Mandamus declaring the action of the 4th Respondent in issuing in Rc.No.16/Ser. 1- B/2019 dated 14.06.2022 to be to retire on 31.03.2023 on attaining the age of Superannuation i.e. 60 years as on 31.03.2023 and 2nd Petitioner to be retire on 30.6.2023 in pursuance of the Cir.Memo No.1813129/FIN01-HR/212/2022-HR-IV dated 23.09.2022 issued by the 1st Respondent being illegal, arbitrary and violation of Article 14, 21 and 309 of the Constitution of India, contrary to the Order of this in W.P.No.31714/2022 dated 28.09.2022 and consequently direct the Respondents to continue the 1st Petitioner under 5th respondent as Part-Time Lecturer Commerce and 2nd Petitioner under 6th respondent as Part-Time Lecturer in Economics till he attains the age of 62 years by setting aside the proceedings of the 4th
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Respondent in Rc.No. 16/Ser.1-B/2019 dated 14.06.2022 and pass ...”
The brief facts of the case are that petitioner No.1 has been working as part-time lecturer in Commerce in different Government Degree Colleges from 02.09.1992, petitioner No.2 has been working as part-time lecturer in Economics in different Government degree colleges from 05.07.1991. While things stood thus, respondent No.3 issued proceedings Rc.No.16/Ser.1-B/2019 dated 14.06.2022 permitting petitioner No.1 to retire on 31.03.2023 and petitioner No.2 to retire on 30.06.2023 on attaining the age of superannuation i.e. 60 years even though the Government of Andhra Pradesh took a decision to enhance the age of the employees working in the State of Andhra Pradesh from 60 to 62 years vide G.O.Ms.No.15 dated 31.01.2022. The Government by amending the Andhra Pradesh Public Employment (Regulation of Age of Superannuation) (Amendment) Act, 2022 enhanced the age of superannuation to its employees. The said amendment came into force on 01.01.2022 and all the Government Employees were allowed to work even though they crossed 60 years of age in view of the above said amendment.
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It is further submitted that earlier the Government issued G.O.Ms.No.26 dated 19.02.2019 enhancing the age of superannuation from 58 years to 60 years to NMRs/Daily Wage/Full Time/Part Time/Contingent Employees joined before the cut-off date i.e. 25.11.1993. The Government has taken decision for extension of the age of superannuation from 60 years to 62 years for Zilla Grandhalaya Samsthas Employees vide Memo No.1681611/Services-I/A2/2022 dated 15.12.2022. However, the same benefit is not extended to part-time employees, therefore, the action of the Government is illegal and violation of fundamental rights under the Constitution of India.
It is further contended that when the Government issued orders enhancing the age of superannuation of Government Servants from 60 years to 62 years, the petitioners, who are discharging duties similar to the regular employees, are also entitled for enhancement of age of superannuation from 60 years to 62 years. Further, the petitioners are working in Government Degree Colleges as part-time lecturers from 1991 and 1992 onwards, they are entitled for the same benefit extended to Government Employees vide G.O.Ms.No.15 dated 31.01.2022.
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When the writ petition came up for admission on
24.03.2023, this Court passed the following interim order.
“…………..Therefore, there shall be an interim suspension of the operation of the impugned proceedings vide Rc.No.16/Ser.1-B/2019, dated 14.06.2022, issued by the 4th respondent, and the respondents are further directed to reinstate and continue the petitioners into service till they attain the age of superannuation of 62 years.”
Respondent Nos.3 and 4 filed counter along with vacate stay petition contending that the Government vide Memo No.1186442/CE/A1/2020 dated 08.06.2022 accorded permission to continue the services of 36 part time lecturers working in various Government Degree colleges in the state for the academic year 2022-2023. Subsequently, another proceedings were also issued on the same date with a list of same 36 candidates, vide proceedings Pr.Rc.No.16/SER1B/2019 dated 14.06.2022 informing them to follow the instructions issued in Government Memo No.EHE01CCEORULS(EIR)/2/2019-CE, Higher Education department dated 25.07.2019 (whereby the age of superannuation was enhanced from 58 to 60 years) communicated in CCE’s Pr.Rc.No.16/Ser-II/2019 dated 14.08.2019 read with
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G.O.Ms.No.26 Finance (HR.Plg&Policy) Department dated
19.02.2019 scrupulously.
It is further contended that the Government vide G.O.Ms.No.15 Finance (HR.IV-FR&LR) Department dated 31.01.2022 issued amendment to the A.P. Public Employment (Regulation of age of superannuation) Act, 1984, by which the age of superannuation was enhanced from 60 years to 62 years and the said orders came into force from 01.01.2022. Therefore, all the teaching and non-teaching staff working in Government Degree Colleges in the State are continued in service beyond 60 years. The said orders are applicable to the regular Government employees only and they are not applicable to part-time lecturers working in Government Degree Colleges as they were engaged on part-time basis with consolidated pay and their services will be terminated after completion of the academic year.
It is further contended that earlier the Government in Ordinance No.13 of 2022 dated 29.11.2022 have issued amendment to sub-section (2) of A.P. Education Act, 1982 as per which the age of superannuation of teaching and
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non-teaching staff working in private aided degree colleges is enhanced from 60 years to 62 years. The said ordinance is applicable to the regular government employees only. The said ordinance is not applicable to the petitioners as they are working as part-time lecturers. Further, the Government has not extended the benefit of G.O.Ms.No.15 Finance (HR.IV-FR & LR) Department dated 31.01.2022 to the NMRs/Daily Wage/Full time/Part time/Contingent employees those who are joined before the cut-off date i.e. 25.11.1993 and working in the State till date. The petitioners cannot avail the benefit of enhancement of age of superannuation contrary to the Act 1 of 1984, requested to dismiss the writ petitions.
Learned counsel for the petitioners would contend that the petitioners are working as part-time lecturers in different Government Degree Colleges for longtime. The Government by amending the Andhra Pradesh Public Employment (Regulation of Age of Superannuation) (Amendment) Act, 2022 enhanced the age of superannuation to its employees from 60 years to 62 years vide G.O.Ms.No.15 dated 31.01.2022. The said amendment came into force from 01.01.2022 and all the Government Employees were allowed to work even though they
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crossed 60 years of age in view of the above said amendment. Earlier the Government issued G.O.Ms.No.26 dated 19.02.2019 enhancing the age of superannuation from 58 years to 60 years to NMRs/Daily Wage/Full Time/Part Time/Contingent Employees joined before the cut-off date i.e. 25.11.1993. The Government has taken decision for extension of the age of superannuation from 60 years to 62 years for Zilla Grandhalaya Samsthas Employees vide Memo No.1681611/ServicesI/A2/2022 dated 15.12.2022. However, the same benefit is not extended to part-time employees, therefore, the action of the Government is illegal and violation of fundamental rights under the Constitution of India.
Learned counsel for the respondents would contend that the Government vide G.O.Ms.No.15 Finance (HR.IV-FR&LR) Department dated 31.01.2022 issued amendment to the A.P. Public Employment (Regulation of age of superannuation) Act, 1984, by which the age of superannuation was enhanced from 60 years to 62 years and the said orders came into force from 01.01.2022. Therefore, all the teaching and non-teaching staff working in Government Degree Colleges in the State are continued in service beyond 60 years. The said orders are
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applicable to the regular Government employees only and they are not applicable to part-time lecturers working in Government Degree Colleges as they were engaged on part-time basis. Till date, the State has not extended the benefit of G.O.Ms.No.15 dated 31.01.2022 to the NMRs/Daily Wage/Full time/part time/contingent employees, requested to dismiss the writ petitions.
Learned counsel for the respondents would further submit that, in “ The Managing Director vs. C.Chandrasekhar Reddy (W.A.No.1033 of 2022 and batch, dated 05.05.2023)”, the Division Bench of this Court upheld the contention of the Corporation therein while setting aside the impugned order of the learned Single Judge, where the age of superannuation was enhanced from 60 to 62 years. The service of the petitioners cannot be equated with the services of the State Government employees and Act No.4 of 2022 is not at all applicable to the petitioners herein, requested to dismiss the writ petitions.
Admittedly, petitioner No.1 has been working as part-time lecturer in Commerce in different Government Degree Colleges from 02.09.1992, petitioner No.2 has been working as part-time
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lecturer in Economics in different Government degree colleges from 05.07.1991. Earlier the Government issued G.O.Ms.No.26 dated 19.02.2019 enhancing the age of superannuation from 58 years to 60 years to NMRs/Daily Wage/Full Time/Part Time/Contingent Employees joined before the cut-off date i.e. 25.11.1993.
Government vide G.O.Ms.No.15 Finance (HR.IV-FR&LR) Department dated 31.01.2022 issued amendment to the A.P. Public Employment (Regulation of age of superannuation) Act, 1984, by which the age of superannuation was enhanced from 60 years to 62 years and the said orders came into force from 01.01.2022. Therefore, all the regular teaching and nonteaching staff working in Government Degree Colleges in the State are continued in service beyond 60 years.
Further, State Government issued
Cir.Memo.No.1813129/FIN01-HR/212/2022-HR-IV dated
23.09.2022, wherein it is observed that certain Government PSUs/ Corporations / Institutions/ Companies/ Societies including Educational Institutions/Non-teaching staff of the Universities have issued orders extending the age of superannuation from 60 to 62 years, without having the
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necessary competency and clarified that the order issued vide G.O.Ms.No.15, Finance (HR IV – FR&LR) Department, dated 31.01.2022 read with the Andhra Pradesh Public Employment (Regulation of Age of Superannuation) (Amendment) Act, 2022 (Act 4 of 2022) are applicable in respect of no other category of employee except the following:
Later, the Government has taken decision for extension of
the age of superannuation from 60 years to 62 years for Zilla
Grandhalaya Samsthas Employees vide Memo
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No.1681611/Services-I/A2/2022 dated 15.12.2022. However,
the same benefit is not extended to part-time employees.
In “ The Managing Director vs. C.Chandrasekhar Reddy
(referred supra)” it is held as follows:
“22. Thereafter, after considering the submissions made the Division Bench came to the following among other conclusions:
“37. …. It is only if the 1984 and the 2014 State Act are held applicable to employees of public sector undertakings, can it be held that they are entitled to continue in service till they reach the age of superannuation of 60 years. As employees of public sector undertakings are not persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, they are not governed by the provisions of the 1984 Act as amended by the 2014 State Act. While it is open to the Board of Directors/Managing Committees of each of these Corporations/Companies/Societies, in accordance with the provisions of the enactment by which they are governed and the Articles of Association/bye-laws which 13 are applicable to them, to adopt the provisions of the 1984 Act and the 2014 State Act, and make them applicable to their employees by amending their rules and regulations, it is only thereafter can employees of these undertakings claim the right to continue in service upto the enhanced age of superannuation of 60 years.
42. As employees of Public Sector Undertakings and Government servants constitute two different and distinct classes, neither do the conditions of service prescribed for government servants automatically apply to employees of Public Sector Undertakings, nor does the plea of discrimination, or of violation of Article 14, merit acceptance. The contention that the Government cannot apply different yardsticks is therefore not tenable. While several of these corporate bodies appear to have adopted the 1984 Act, they are required to also adopt the 2014 State Act, and amend the rules and bye-laws, governing the age of superannuation of its employees, accordingly. It is only if the rules, governing the age of superannuation, are amended as prescribed under the applicable bye-laws/Articles of association would the employees of these corporate bodies then be entitled to claim the benefit of the enhanced age of superannuation.
44. The Companies/Corporations/Societies, listed in the IX Schedule to the 2014 Central Act, are distinct legal entities
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and are neither departments, nor form part, of the State Government. The Board of Directors/Managing Committees of each of these legal entities govern each of these entities subject only to the provisions of the Companies Act, the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association in so far as Companies/Corporations are concerned, and the byelaws and the provisions of the Act whereunder the 14 Societies were constituted in so far as Societies are concerned. The control exercised by the State Government, over such Companies/Societies, is as its shareholder, and in terms of the relevant enactments and the Articles of Association of each of these Companies, and the bye-laws of each of these Societies. Neither the 1984 Act, nor the Rules made by the Government for its employees under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India, automatically apply to these Corporations/Companies/Societies.
xxx
xxx
192. The earlier G.Os were issued by the Government of A.P. without these legal entities amending its rules/regulations/bye-laws, governing the age of superannuation and without the prior approval of the sole/majority shareholder i.e., the State Government as required under the Articles of Association/byelaws of these legal entities. As the Rules and Regulations, by which the petitioner are governed, stipulate 58 years as the age of retirement, these employees cannot claim any right to continue in service till they attain the age of 60 years. It is only if the request of these Companies/Corporations/Societies, for amendment of its byelaws/rules and regulations, are approved by the State Government, and the rules/byelaws/regulations are amended thereafter in accordance with law, would their employees then be governed by the enhanced age of superannuation prescribed under the Rules/bye-laws.”
23. Pursuant to this decision of the Division Bench two G.Os., were issued viz., G.O.Ms.No.112 dated 18.06.2016 and 15 G.O.Ms.No.102, dated 27.06.2017. In G.O. Ms.No.102, dated 27.06.2017, in paragraph 4 the following is stated: “4. Government after careful examination of the matter hereby accord to give in principle approval to enhance the age of superannuation of employees working in the institutions listed in IX and X Schedule Institutions subject to the following conditions: 1. The specific decision to enhance the superannuation age from 58 to 60 years to their employees shall be taken by the Board of Directors/Managing Committees of these legal entities. 2. While doing so, these Institutions shall take into consideration their financial position and genuineness of their need to enhance the age of superannuation. 3. In case of Residential Education Societies, the decision should be based on the genuineness of
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their need and assessment of performance of these societies.”
36. According to the learned counsel for the respondents, the Act is incorporated into the service of the rules. Therefore, the writ petitioner is entitled to the relief. On the other hand it is contended that there is merely a reference to the Act No.23 of 1984 and it is not incorporated.
40. This Court also finds that in the counter affidavit filed the respondent No.1 had clearly specified that they had sought a clarification from the Government of Andhra Pradesh, whether the enhancement of age from 60 to 62 would apply to corporations, associations, societies etc., on 14.02.2022. In the counter, it is clearly mentioned that the writ petition is also premature till the Government takes a decision on the matter. Even in the past it is stated that the Government issued separate orders for corporations and the societies for enhancement of age. Therefore, it is stated that the petitioner’s case will be considered on similar lines once the decision of the Government was obtained. The learned Advocate General submitted that this decision is spelt out by the memo, dated 23.09.2022, which clearly states G.O.Ms.No.15 is applicable to the employees, who are described in Section 1(2) of the Act only. It is also clarified by the Government that certain PSUs, Corporations etc., have enhanced the age to 62 without necessary approval and sanction and therefore, remedial action is to be taken by the very disciplinary action against this respondent.”
In “ The Managing Director Vs. C.Chandrasekhar
Reddy, (referred supra) the Division Bench of this Court had set aside the orders of the learned Single Judge on the ground that writ of Mandamus cannot be issued in the circumstances of this nature, as there is no right to the writ petitioners to seek enhancement of age of superannuation from 60 to 62 years.
The Government issued clarification vide
Cir.Memo.No.1813129/FIN01-HR/212/2022-HR-IV dated
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23.09.2022 clarifying that the enhancement of retirement age from 60 to 62 years issued vide G.O.Ms.No.15 dated 31.01.2022 is only for the Government employees and not for other employees working in the Government colleges etc.
Admittedly, the petitioners are part-time lecturers. They cannot be treated as regular Government Employees. G.O.Ms.No.15 dated 31.01.2022 is applicable to the regular Government employees only as the same was clarified by the Government by issuing Cir.Memo.No.1813129/FIN01HR/212/2022-HR-IV dated 23.09.2022. Till today, the Government has not issued any order extending the superannuation age of the part-time lecturers from 60 to 62 years. Moreover, the petitioners have not filed any document to show that their salaries are being paid out of the consolidated fund of the State and they are also entitled for the benefit given by the State Government to its employees vide G.O.Ms.No.15 dated 31.01.2022.
Hence, in view of the clarification issued by the Government vide Cir.Memo.No.1813129/FIN01-HR/212/2022HR-IV dated 23.09.2022 and following the judgment of the
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Hon’ble Division Bench of this Court in “ The Managing Director vs. C.Chandrasekhar Reddy, (referred supra)” it is for the respondents to take a policy decision in respect of enhancement of age of superannuation from 60 to 62 years to the petitioners on par with the employees of State Government.
In view of my aforesaid discussion, the writ petitions are liable to be dismissed.
In the result, the writ petitions are dismissed. There shall be no order as to costs.
In view of the dismissal of the main writ petitions, the interim order, if any, passed in the writ petitions shall stand vacated.
Consequently, miscellaneous petitions, if any, pending in these writ petitions shall stand closed.
______________________ JUSTICE V.SUJATHA
16.10.2023 Ksp
2 issues framed by the court
Whether part-time lecturers in Government Degree Colleges are entitled to the enhancement of superannuation age from 60 to 62 years under G.O.Ms.No.15 of 2022.
Whether the provision of the Andhra Pradesh Public Employment (Regulation of Age of Superannuation) Act, 1984 applies to part-time lecturers.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
The Managing Director vs. C.Chandrasekhar ReddyDistinguished¶62
The Managing Director vs. C.Chandrasekhar Reddy (W.A.No.1033 of 2022 and batch)
G.O.Ms.No.15Referred¶10
G.O.Ms.No.15 Finance (HR.IV-FR&LR) Department dated 31.01.2022
Government ClarificationReferred¶20
Cir.Memo.No.1813129/FIN01-HR/212/2022-HR-IV dated 23.09.2022
Part-time Lecturer
Government of Andhra Pradesh
Principal / Head of Institution
V. Sujatha
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
